丁言仁《英语语言学纲要》配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】.pdf

第一部分　考研真题精选一、填空题1. When a word appea
in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role in the sentence we say that it undergoes _____. [中山大学2018研] 【答案】inflection查看答案 【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限定性，体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。 2. ______ is the name for oppositeness relation. [北二外2015研] 【答案】Antonymy查看答案 【解析】本题考查反义的语义关系。反义关系就是相反的语义关系。 3. Phonetics is the study of ______ sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that co
titute language and meaning. [北京邮电大学2015研] 【答案】speech查看答案 【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。 4. A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latter is concerned with _____ of words. [中山大学2017研] 【答案】combinatio
查看答案 【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different co
tituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelatio
hips between elements in sentence structure. 5. _____ is the study of speech sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that co
titute language and meaning. The fi
t focuses on chaos while the second focuses on order. [北京邮电大学2016研] 【答案】Phonetics查看答案 【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。 6. Language is a form of human communication by mea
of a system of _____ principally tra
mitted by vocal sounds. [中山大学2017研] 【答案】symbols查看答案 【解析】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 7. Syntax is the study of how words combine to make sentences. The order of words in sentences varies from language to language. English language, for i
tance, generally follows a ______ order, as in the sentence “The dog (subject) b