浅谈反证法原理及应用.doc

- z. . . 摘 要 反证法是一种重要的证明方法,它不仅对数学科学体系自身的完善有促进作用,而且对人的思维能力的培养和提高也有极其重要的作用.如果能恰当的使用反证法,就能到达化繁为简,化难为易,化不能为可能的目的.反证法的逻辑思维强,数学语言准确性高,对培养学生严谨的逻辑思维能力,阅读能力,树立正确的数学观具有重要的意义. 本论文主要研究的容有反证法的由来;具体阐述了反证法的定义,即反证法的概念、分类和作用;反证法具有广泛应用的科学根据;并且着重介绍了反证法的应用,包括反证法在初等数学和高等数学的应用,并提出应用反证法应注意的问题;针对各种问题提出一些具体的教学建议,从而为改良反证法教学提供参考. 关键词:反证法,否认,矛盾,应用 - z. Principle and application of the reduction to absurdity ABSTRACT:Reduction to absurdity is an important method, it not only to improve its own system of mathematical science have stimulative effect, but also has an e*tremely important role in cultivating and improving the peoples thinking ability. If you use apagoge properly, can be simplified, the difficult easy, words can not be as likely to. The logical thinking of reduction to absurdity, the language of mathematics of high accuracy, to cultivate students rigorouslogical thinking ability, reading ability, is of great significance to establish a correct conception of mathematics. The origin of the main content of the paper is the reduction to absurdity;e*pounds the definition of absurdity, and concept, apagoge classification; the reduction to absurdity has wide application of scientific basis; and introducesthe application of reduction to absurdity, including the application of reduction to absurdity in elementary mathematics and higher mathematics, and proposed should note that the application of reduction to absurdity problems;to solve these problems and puts forward some specific suggestions for teaching, so as to provide reference for the improvement of the teaching of reduction to absurdity. Keywords: reduction to absurdity, negation, contradiction, application - z. . 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 一、引言 1 二、反证法的由来 1 三、反证法的概念及分类 1 〔一〕反证法的定义 1 〔二〕反证法的分类 2 1．归谬法 2 2．穷举法2 〔三〕反证法的作用 2 四、 反证法的科学依据 3 〔一〕反证法的理论依据 3 〔二〕反证法的步骤 3 〔三〕反证法的可信性 4 五、反证法的应用 4 〔一〕反证法在初等数学中的应用 4 〔二〕反证法在高等数学中的应用 6 1．在数学分析中的应用 6 2．在高等代数中的应用 8 〔三〕应用反证法应注意的问题 9 1．反设要正确 9 2．明确推理特点 9 3．善于灵活运用 10 4．了解矛盾种类 10 六、反证法的教