Lectures psm origin of materials讲座材料起源.pdfVIP

Pr iples of Structural Materials MATS10342 Origin of Materials – Lectures 1 and 2 Stuart Lyon Inte Resources • Steel University • • MATTER • • AluMatter • Chemical pr iples of metallic materials production Thermodynamics: – G ( energy), H (enthalpy) and S (entropy); energy change ΔG K ics: – rate controlling steps, activation (Arrenhius) and diffusion (Fickian) Surface energies: – wetting angle Laws of Thermodynamics - I 0th Law: – 2 systems in thermal equilibrium with a 3rd are also in equilibrium with each other – “Temperature can be measured by thermometers” 1st Law: – Any change in a system’s energy equals the differenc ween added (heat) energy and the work done by the system – “Heatis a form of energy, which is conserved” Laws of Thermodynamics - II 2nd Law: – Heat flows spontaneously from a to a cold body to ise entropy – “Perpetualmotion machines are impossible” 3rd Law: – The entropy of a system approaches a constant and irreducible value as the temperature decreases to an absolute zero. – “Definesabsolute zero and the Kelvin temperature scale” Heat and temperature Heat: – Heat is thermal energy; within a material heat can be thought of as tiny vibrations between molecular or atomic bonds, or of atomic states. – Heat energy has units of Joules Temperature: – Is NOT the same as heat – It is a dimensionless number that is related to the heat energy of a substance depending on the temperature scale used (Celcius, Kelvin, Farenheit) Chemical thermodynamics I Reversible processes: – A system a