316L不锈钢电弧增材制造的微观组织和力学性能_赵东升.pdfVIP

SHIP ENGINEERING 船 舶 工 程 Vol.44 No.9 2022 总第44 卷，2022 年第9 期 316L 不锈钢电弧增材制造的 微观组织和力学性能 赵东升，龙代发，牛堂仁，胡 鑫，刘玉君 （大连理工大学船舶工程学院，辽宁大连 116024 ） 摘 要：为了研究 316L 不锈钢电弧增材制造结构的微观组织和力学性能，开展熔化极惰性气体保 护电弧增材制造试验，采用焊道成形试验优化工艺参数，制造26 层的墙体试件，观察外观成形并分析微 观组织，测试了水平方向和纵向的强度和塑性，结果表明，墙体宽度均匀而且表面平整度较好。微观组 织的金相分析表明，层内部在纵向方向上分为热影响区、中心区和重熔区，3 个区的晶粒生长方向基本 一致，但是晶格类型和晶粒尺寸存在差异。合金元素在3 个区的分布不均匀，δ铁素体的含量也不相同。 晶粒生长的方向性和层内部的不均匀性导致力学性能存在各向异性。水平方向试件的平均抗拉强度比纵 向试件高51 MPa；水平方向试件的平均断裂延伸率为43.7% ，而纵向试件的平均断裂延伸率为47.3%。 关键词：不锈钢；增材制造；微观组织；各向异性 中图分类号：TG456.7 文献标志码：A 【DOI 】10.13788/ki.cbgc.2022.09.03 Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Wall Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing ZHAO Dongsheng, LONG Daifa, NIU Tangren, HU Xin, LIU Yujun (School of Naval Architecture, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China) Abstract: In order to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of the 316L stainless steel arc additive manufacturing structure, an experimental study is carried out on the manufacturing of inert gas shielded metal arc additive. The process parameters are optimized by the weld bead forming experiment, and 26 layers of wall are manufactured. The formation was observed and the microstructure is analyzed. The horizontal and vertical strength and plasticity are tested. The results show that the wall width is uniform and the surface flatness is good. The metallographic analysis of the microstructure shows that the interior of the layer is divided into heat affected zone, central zone and