定语从句总结.doc

PAGE 1 初中英语定语从句讲解1 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。通常在被修饰的词语（即先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。定语从句的三种功能： 1.连接功能：连接从句，引导一个定语从句 2.指代功能：指代先行词 3.语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分 (定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种) that which who whom whose when where why 语 语 法 关 系 词 指 代 主语 宾语 定语 表语 指人 who that whom that whose that 指物 which that which that whose that 注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略 = 1 \* GB3 ① A plane is a machine which / that can fly . (作主语) The dog which / that was lost has been found . (作主语) = 2 \* GB3 ② The number of people who / that lost homes reached 250,000 . Here comes the girl who / that wants to see you . 关系代词在句中作宾语时可省略 = 1 \* GB3 ① The noodles that / which I cooked were delicious .（作宾语） This is the book that / which I want to read . The letter that / which I received yesterday was from my father . = 2 \* GB3 ② The girl who / that we saw yesterday is Mary . Mr Li is a man whom / who / that we should lear from . Do you know the man whom / who / that is talking to ? 关系代词在从句中做定语 = 1 \* GB3 ① The novel whose cover was broken blongs to me . = 2 \* GB3 ② Henery is the boy whose mother is our English teacher . I know the person whose company produces computers . This is the person whose story surprised everybody . 关系代词在句中作表语时可省略（只能用that） She is not the girl that she was . 定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择 明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用 关系代词which , that , who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语 关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语 分析句子结构，明确句法成分 关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等 关系副词（when , where , why ） When的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语） I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing . We will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm . He came at a time when (at which ) we needed help . where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语） This is the house where we lived last year . The factory where his father works is in the west of the city . After living in Pairs for fifty years