高中英语语法（六）.docVIP

高中英语语法（六） 1?概述 ⒈ 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语（direct speech)，一般直接引语前后要加引号。 如：Mr.Black said,“Im busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语） ⒉ 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语（indirect speech)，一般间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr.Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语） ⒊ 从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时，除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he，am则改成了was。 现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题分述如下： 2当直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 ⒈ 人称的变化 ① 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称（如：I，me,my，mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。 如：He said,“I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它”。 →He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。（I改为he，it不变） ② 把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语（即听话人，如无话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称）相一致的人称。 He said,You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。” →He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。（You改为I，me改为him，told改为had told) ③?直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。 He said to me,“Shes left her book?in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。 →He told me that she had left her book?in my room.他对我说她把书放在我的房间里（Shes→she had,her不变，your→my) ⒉ 时态的变化 ①?主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，动词时态相应变化如下： He said,I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。 →He said that he usually watched TV on?Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said,“Im using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。 She said,“I have not heard from him since?May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没收到他的来信。” →She said that she had not heard from him?since May.她说自五月以来她就没收到他的来信。 He said,“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。” →He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。 He said,“I had finished my homework?before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。” →He said that he had finished his?homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。 Zhou Lan said,“Ill do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。” →Zhou Lan said that she would do it after?class.周兰说下课后她就去做。 He said,“I shall be doing my homework?then.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。” →He said that he should be doing his?homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。 He s