农业土地用途的模式.pptxVIP

B.2. (1) A Model of Agricultural land use 農業土地用途的模式;Von Thunen’s Model 范杜能模式;Observed觀察 various types of farming occurred in concentric rings around settlement不同的農業類別以同心環形態環繞聚落 Aims目的: how an why agricultural land use varies with the distance from a market怎樣及為甚麼 隨與市場距離，農業土地用途改變？;Two Basic Theories　2個基本理論;1. Intensity of production 生產密度;2. Variations of crop types不同農作物的類別;Assumptions假設 ;;Principle原則: ;Revenue: same price of a particular crop同類農作物的市值是一樣 Costs - same production cost of a particular crop同類農作物的生產成本相同 - transport cost increases with increasing weight/ distance from market - 運輸費用隨重量及距離增加而上升 Therefore因此, rent decreases with the distance from the market 租值會隨市場的距離遞減;Model. 1 Distance Decay function隨距遞減;啡先生的區位租值較低 因為運費較高;;DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURN 收益遞減定律;對於啡先生, 增加投入的額外運費 額外的收益 ;;Conclusion 總結;Model 2 Types of crops vary農作物類別的變化;Example 1: A and B;Example 2 : C and D;Consequently : a concentric zonation of land use pattern occurs around a market圍繞市場，出現同心環形態的農業用地帶 : with intensity of production increases towards market越近市場，投入密度越高;Von Thunen — Classic model;Von Thunen — Classic model;Zone 2 : Production of wood (Forestry)生產木材（林地） - bulky笨重 - main fuel主要燃料 - great demand需求大;Zone 3 : Crop Alternation System精耕式輪作 - intensive集約式, no fallow無休耕 - 6-year crop rotation 6年輪作不同農作物 Zone 4 : Improved system , fallow and pasture改善了的系統，有休耕和牧地 - seven-year rotation crop　7年輪作 - fallow休耕 - crops輪作 / pasture牧地 / fallow休耕;Zone 5 : 3-field system 三圃農業帶 - 1/3 : field crops黑麥, 1/3 : pasture牧地, 1/3 : fallow休耕 - rotation system輪作系統 Zone 6 : Extensive livestock farming粗放式放牧;Modification of Von Thunen’s model修改;2. Addition of a small city另一小鎮 competing centre競爭市場 simple concentric zone簡單同心環帶?complex複雜 ;Causes of variation in locational rent區位租值改變的因素;Ex .1 (ans);;Ex. 2;Ex.2.1 (ans);Ex.2.2 (ans);Ex.2.3 (ans);Conclusion 總結;;;Ex.3繪畫圖表顯示以下農業的空間分佈;Ex.3(ans)圖表顯示農業的空間分佈;Ex.3 ;answer;Applicability可行性;香港的農業土地利用分佈;市中心;case;2. Land use pattern of farming農業用地用途模式 the theoretical farmin