新人教版高中英语必修第一册学案1：同步写作——概要写作.docVIP

新人教版高中英语必修第一册 PAGE PAGE 1 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 同步写作——概要写作 写概要写作时要先读懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者观点，抓关键词，筛选与主旨有关的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的语言知识，对原语篇进行“浓缩”，写出一个新的语篇。而新的语篇，既要做到在语篇结构、语篇衔接和连贯各要素上与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。 (一)写作步骤 考生可以从以下五个步骤来进行概要写作： 1．通读全文，判断体裁 一篇概要写作是否正确、有条理，能否把握文章的体裁，都是建立在理解原文的基础上的。因此，通读全文，可以为考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨和结构、行文逻辑、判断文章的体裁奠定基础。 2．查找信息，分清主次 概要写作，要求考生具有从文章中抽取主干和找到关键信息的能力。在第二遍细读时，要弄清主要信息和次要信息，把次要信息剔除，以免影响概要写作的简洁性；同时，要养成在重点词句下做出标记的习惯。 3．概括大意，提炼内容 考生在理解全文内容，弄清主次关系之后，可以初步写出每段的段落大意，注意要忠于原文，避免出现遗漏要点或增添要点的情况。 4．获取要点，灵活表达 为了使所写概要简明、扼要，就要对罗列的每段大意进行整合、合并；同时为了避免使用原文的句子，就需要考生灵活采用同义词或近义词进行替换，用不同的句式进行转换，并在必要的地方使用连接词，使表达连贯通顺。 5．检查修改，整理誊写 写完初稿后，需要在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查：看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅；另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。 (二)改写句子基本方法 1．同义替换法 Tom thought of an idea. →An idea occurred to Tom. 2．正话反说法 I think wealth is less important than health. →I dont think wealth is more important than health. 3．词性转换法 Your suggestions are super valuable. →Your suggestions are of great value. 4．利用介词短语法 We are sure to finish it in time because so many people are helping us. →With so many people helping us，we are sure to finish it in time. 5．句式变化法 (1)语态变换 It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today. →Computers are widely used in the world today. (2)简单句变复合句 The weather turned out to be very good.This was more than we could expect. →The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect. (3)连词衔接法 He insisted on staying.He was not willing to go. →He insisted on staying rather than going. (4)词序改变法 Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the meeting. →Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests. (5)利用特殊句式法 Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating，too. →Jim wants to go boating，and so do his parents. 顺接、递进：firstly/secondly/thirdly，besides，in addition，whats more，whats worse，whats more important，moreover，also，finally，last but not least 转折：but，however，nevertheless，yet，instead，on