考研英语试题分析之词义猜测技巧.docx

PAGE PAGE 1 / 6 考研英语试题分析之词义猜测技巧 利用重述猜测词义 重述(restatement)指作者在阐述某一概念或某一事情时， 为使其更易理解，会采取另一种方式来加以解释说明。重述时往往采用比前面一种表达更为简单易懂的词语，而后面这种简单易懂的词语无疑为前面较难的词语提供了猜测的线索，因此，考生在阅读的过程中如遇到生词，不妨看一下该生词后面是否有另一种阐述或解释。表达重述的信号词有：in other words, to put it another way, that is to say, or, that is, i.e. , to be precise, refers to 等。此外，作者也会利用括号、冒号、破折号等标点符号为一些生词直接提供定义或解释。 But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. [分析] 第二句句首的指示词 This 指代 alphabetism，线索词refers to 之后的内容是对它的解释：对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧视。 Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. [分析] 冒号之后的.内容解释了 Memento mori 的意义所指： 人总会死去，一切都会结束，幸福并不是否认这些，而是与之共存。Memento mori 为拉丁语，意为谨记死亡或人终有一死。 Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the great game of espionagespying as a profession. [分析] 破折号之后是对 espionage 的释义：以间谍为业， 即间谍活动。 利用对比猜测词义 对比(contrast)通常出现在作者讲述两种事物或两面个话题之间的不同时，二者之间常有表示对比或相反意义的过渡词， 如however，in contrast，but，whereas，while，yet，on the contrary 等。当考生遇到生词时，看到这些相关的过渡词或起相同作用的标志词，要意识到可以尝试通过后面的内容来推测前面生词的意思。 Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. [ 分析] 根据否定词 no ， 可以断定 unpretentious 与formidable 呈相反意义，formidable 意为令人敬畏的，那么unpretentious 应为不令人生畏的，即谦逊的;朴实的。 Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. [分析] 由转折过渡词 but 及否定词 hardly，可以推测elevating 与 poisonous 呈相反之意，poisonous 意为有毒的; 败坏道德的，与之相反，elevating 则意为提升道德的;引人向上的。 利用例子猜测词义 例子(example)也是猜测词义的有用线索。为了阐明某一种重要观念或者讲清某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更加透彻。例子一般紧跟在要说明的词语之后。根据例子所说明的事件、行为或活动，可以推断与之相关的生词的意思。例子通常由 for instance，for example，more precise