英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)复习课程.docx

英语长难句结构分析( 含 20 19 年高考全国 1 - 3 卷试题长难句) 精品文档 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 英语长难句结构分析(含 2019 年高考全国 1-3 卷长难句) 英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下： 主语＋谓语(不及物动词) 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 主语＋系动词＋表语 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 此外还有特殊句式如 there be-, 强调句，倒装句等。 但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾 语、复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。另外，新高考将包括两个写作题：读后续写(概要写作) 和应用文写作。在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。 一个句子之所以成为长难句，就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂，具体说就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语(介词短语、非谓语动词、定语和状语)以及各种从句等。下面分类解析： 一、复杂主语 包括下列情形：含有连词如 and, both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also), as well as；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。如： Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (as well as 连接those who...与those least liked ...做主语) The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony(痛苦) of dying can make nobody happy. (动词不定式 to do 结构做主语) Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. (2019 高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解 B) (-ing 形式做主语) Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. (2018 全国Ⅱ 卷阅读理解 D) (-ing 形式做主语) What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. (2019 高考全国Ⅰ Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officerwho Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business...(2016 全国甲卷阅读理 解 D) (同位语结构做主语) 二、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔 Some people think that the Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. , influenced the development of chopsticks.( 2016 全国丙卷语法填空 ) Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian