《农业气象学原理》第1章绪论.ppt

——改革的重点(农业气象业务) 调整农业气象观测站网,改革农业气象观测方法; 建立农业重大气象灾害监测、预警和评价业务系统; 建立健全食物安全气象保障业务服务系统; 开展农业气候资源动态监测和评估; 开发推广农业气象适用技术与设施农业的气象调控技术; 进一步发展“农网”等社会化服务手段,提高气象信息服务水平。 1922年竺可桢发表了“气象与农业的关系”一文,积极倡导开展农业气象科学研究。1945年涂长望“农业气象之内容及其研究途径述要”一文。 二、中国近代农业气象学的发展 二十世纪初,中国传统的农业气象观念逐渐被近代农业气象知识所代替。但在当时及其以后的历史背景下,中国近代农业气象事业的发展还是非常缓慢的 。 三、中国现代农业气象学的发展 1953~1958年,初创探索时期; 1958~1965年,发展—调整—稳步发展时期; 1966~1976年,停滞时期; 1977年以后,重建发展时期。 三十年来,我国的农业气象科学技术水平得到了迅速 提高,成为当今世界农业气象事业较为发达的国家之一, 为我国农业的发展作出了积极贡献。 另外,农业气象国际合作与交流的不断发展,使我国 农业气象工作走向世界并占有一席之地。 四、国外农业气象学的主要进展 1、国际组织 世界气象组织(WMO)农业气象委员会(CAgM) 2、农业气象科学技术水平较高的国家 俄罗斯、美国、加拿大、英国、荷兰、德国等 3、发展趋势 研究领域不断拓宽; 研究层次进一步深化; 试验研究方法与监测技术更加先进; 应用水平进一步提高,服务能力明显增强。 §4 Approaches to agrometeorological researches (1) Simulating method of artificial environments Parallel observation is often used. At present, widely adopted experimental researching approaches in China may be roughly grouped into 5 types: Complete environment control: Such meteorological elements as light, temperature, water, air and humidity are regulated by artificial climate boxes and climate labs which are employed to conduct combined simulation experiment of various kinds. Local environment control: glass green house, plastics sheds (including colored shed), ice room, dark room, sprinkler, soil temperature sealed box, ventilative motor and other simple equipment are employed to simulate the change of one or two environmental factors (2) Field experiment method Stage seeding: It is referred to as repeated seeding (breeding )of experimental crops (animals) at intervals so as to deal with agrometeorology problems of all kinds in accordance with the fact that meteorological conditions vary as a function of time. If implemented in the field, it is called single spot seeding. If in a different region it is called geographical multi-stage seeding. Geographical seeding: It’s aimed to study agrometeorological problems based on regional differences in weather conditions, includi

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