外研社八年级英语下册语法专题复习.docxVIP

外研社八年级英语下册语法专题复习 外研社八年级英语下册语法专题复习 PAGE PAGE 1 / 7 语法专题 Module 1 简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成。 一. 五种基本句型： 主语＋系动词＋表语 （S+V+P）He is happy. 主语＋不及物动词＋（状语） ( S+V ) He is swimming. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋（状语） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now. 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike, 主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋间接宾语 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy. 二. 练习：写出下列句子的基本成分。 He likes music very much. The soup tastes salty. She works very hard. My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time. My father bought me a computer. Module 2 宾语从句：是一个复合句，复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句。 定义：在句子充当宾语的从句 如：He says that he is going to the cinema. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 结构： 主句+that+从句（that 没有意义,可省略） 主句+if/ whether…or not （是否）+从句 主句+疑问词（what，where，how，why…）+从句 如：I believe （that） we will become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。 He asks whether/ if we will go fishing on Sunday.他问周日我们是否会出去钓鱼。 I understand why they like computer games so much.我理解他们为什么如此喜欢电脑游戏。 时态： （1）主句是一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态。 I hear that Peter bought a new computer yesterday.(主句用一般现在时，从句用过去时) Tom wants to know what his brother will do next Sunday.（主句用一般现在时，从句用将来时） The little girl can show me where she lives.(主句用一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时) 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用过去的某种时态 如：David told me that he was very tired.（主句用一般过去过去时，从句也用过去时） 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： 如：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. （主句用一般过去时，从句用现在时） 如何改为宾语从句（三关） 引导词关 ①陈述句，引导词用 that（that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略）； ②一般疑问句，引导词用 if/whether； ③特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 语序关 ①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 时态关 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： ②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。 练习题 Miss Green didn’t tell us in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she