《纳米催化技术》期末考试试题及答案.docVIP

1名词解释

catalyst：anythingthatincreasestherateofaprocess

cocatalysts：Chemicalspeciesthatimprovecatalyticactivity

precatalysts：Substancesconverttocatalystsinthereaction

promoters：Substancesthatincreasetheactivityofcatalysts

catalyticpoisons：Substancesthatdeactivatecatalysts

2WhatisTONandTOF?

Turnovernumber(TON);

Turnoverfrequency(TOF)-------------theTONpertimeunit.

Twoimportantquantitieswhichareusedforcomparingcatalystefficiency,thecatalystturnovernumber(TON)andtheturnoverfrequency(TOF),arecrucialforworkincatalysis.

TON的定义是单位活性位上转化的反应物的摩尔量单位应该是1

TOF的定义为单位活性位在单位时间内转化的反应物的量单位为1/S，1/H

3Explainthepotentialenergydiagramofaheterogeneouscatalyticreaction.

Potentialenergydiagramofaheterogeneouscatalyticreaction,withgaseousreactantsandproductsandasolidcatalyst.Notethattheuncatalyzedreactionhastoovercomeasubstantialenergybarrier,whereasthebarriersinthecatalyticroutearemuchlower.

4Describeandexplaintheactivesiteofthesolidcatalystcrystalsurface.

Defectsanddislocationonsurfacecrystallinestructure

Surfacedefects:terrace(平台)，step(阶梯)，kink(扭转)，adatom/vacancy(填隙原子/空位)

Dislocation:screwdislocation(螺旋位错)

Defectsanddislocationcanbedesirableforcertaincatalyticreactionsasthesemayprovidetherequiredsurfacegeometryformoleculestobeadsorbed,besidethefactthatthesesitesaregenerallyhighlyenergised.

5IsactivationenergyEatemperaturedependent?

No

6ExplainthetypesofCatalystsCatalyticReactions.

(1)Thetypesofcatalysts

1Classificationbasedontheitsphysicalstate,acatalystcanbe.

gas，liquid，solid

2Classificationbasedonthesubstancesfromwhichacatalystismade.

Inorganic,Organic

3Classificationbasedonthewayscatalystswork

Homogeneous-bothcatalystandallreactants/productsareinthesamephase(gasorliq)

Heterogeneous-reactionsysteminvolvesmulti-phase(catalysts+reactants/products)