(3)--1-3机械制造基础机械制造基础.pptVIP

化合物分子式为Fe3C，含碳量6.67%，硬度很高，HB＞800，δ几乎为0。在钢材中可能呈片状，网状或粒状分布，在一定条件下可分解成金属铁和石墨。自奥氏体中经重结晶过程得到的渗碳体称为二次渗碳体，可以表示为Fe3CⅡ。渗碳体CementiteCementiteisanintermetalliccompoundthatistheFirstcarbideofiron,whosemolecularformulaisFe3C.*1-3铁碳合金状态图*铁素体（固溶体）与渗碳体（化合物）以层片相间的形式而形成的机械混合物，用P表示，是由硬的渗碳体片和软的铁素体片相间组成的混合物，强度较好，σb≈750MPa，HB≈180。珠光体Pearlite*1-3铁碳合金状态图ThecementiteandferriteformlamellarstructuredcrystalsgiventhenamePealitebecauseoftheirresemblance,whenmagnifiedthroughamicroscope,tomother-of-pearl.*由奥氏体和渗碳体组成的机械混合物，用L’表示，莱氏体只在高温环境下（727℃以上）存在，称高温莱氏体。在727℃以下时，金相组织为由P和Fe3C组成的机械混合物，用L’’表示，机械性能和渗碳体相似。莱氏体Ledeburite*1-3铁碳合金状态图Ferrousmetalsof4.3%carboninironestablishesaeutecticcompositionwhichfreezesat1148℃,toproduceasolidmixtureproductknownasLedeburite,whichiscomposedofcementiteandaustenite.*共晶反应EutecticReaction*1-3铁碳合金状态图Examinationoftheiron-carbonequilibriumdiagramrevealsthat4.3%carboninironestablishesaeutecticcompositionwhichfreezesat1148℃,theeutecticpoint,toproduceledeburite.Withthiscompositionsofiron-carbonalloyundergodiffusionandprecipitationchanges.*共析反应EutectoidReaction*1-3铁碳合金状态图Infact,eutectoidmeanseutectic-like.Itcanbeobservedonthediagramthatat727℃and0.77%carbon,apointexiststhatisverysimilartotheeutecticpoint.Thesepointsaremuchalikewiththeprincipledifferencebeingthattheeutectoidpointexistscompletelyinsolidmetalwhiletheeutecticisapointofchangebetweenliquidandsolid.*共析钢EutectoidSteel*1-3铁碳合金状态图Referringtoequilibriumdiagram,theeutectoidcompositioncontaining0.77%carbonwillexistabove727℃as100%austenite.Uponcoolingtotheeutectoidtemperature,theequilibriumproductofeutectoiddecompositionconsistsofcementiteandferrite,whichformalamellarstructuredcrystalsnamedpearlite.*亚共析钢HypoeutectoidSteel*1-3铁碳合金状态图Steelscontainingles