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ImplementWirelessScalabilityIntroducing802.1x
TheNeedforWLANSecurity
TheNeedforWLANSecurityIEEE802.11equipmentiswidelyavailableandinexpensive.The802.11standardisdesignedforeaseofuseanddeployment.Manysniffersareavailable.StatisticsonWLANsecurityarenotencouraging.Mediareportsabouthotspots,WLANhacking,andwardrivingarefrequent.EncryptionisnotoptimallyimplementedinstandardWEP.Authenticationisvulnerable.
SecurityMethods—AuthenticationandEncryption
SecurityMethods—Authentication
andEncryptionAuthentication:ProvesthatyoubelongonthenetworkEncryption:ProtectsthedatatraversingthenetworkBothauthenticationandencryptionareneededandmandatedbystandards.
WLANSecurityIssuesRogueaccesspointsWeaknessofolderformsofsecurity:Servicesetidentifier(SSID)AuthenticationcontrolledbyMACStaticWEPkeysNonmutualauthentication—onewayonly
WEPAttacksWeak,staticWEPkeyPassiveorweakinitializationvector(IV)attackdetailsActiveor“bitflipping”andreplayattackAuthenticationdictionaryattacks
OverviewofWLANSecurity
802.11WEPIEEEstandardforencryptionUsesRC4algorithm—knownvulnerabilitiesKeyscanbestaticandsharedamongmanyclientsOrkeyscanbedynamicanduniqueforeachclient
(aswith802.1x)persession
802.11OpenAuthentication
802.11SharedKeyAuthentication
CiscoEnhanced802.11WEPSecurity
CiscoEnhanced802.11WEPSecurityCiscoPrestandardenhancementsImplementedin2001and2002Authentication:802.1xandExtensibleAuthenticationProtocol(EAP)protocolsUser,token,machinecredentialsDynamicencryptionkeygenerationEncryption:CiscoKeyIntegrityProtocol(CKIP)CiscoMessageIntegrityCheck(CMIC)
Enhanced802.11SecurityEncryption:TemporalKeyIntegrityProtocolandMessageIntegrityCheckWi-FiProtectedAccess(WPA)—TKIPencryptionWPA2—AdvancedEncryptionStandard(AES)Authentication:802.1xandExtensibleAuthenticationProtocol(EAP)protocolsUser,token,machine
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