世界银行-亚美尼亚-第二个系统的国家诊断：超越边界-释放可持续明天的潜力（英）-123页.pdf

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Armenia

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hTheSecondSystematicCountryDiagnostic

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sBeyondBoundaries:UnlockingPotentialfora

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cSustainableTomorrow

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r2023

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Contents

ExecutiveSummary2

Arapidlychangingcontext2

Keychallengestoinclusiveandsustainablegrowth3

Leveragingopportunities5

1.Introduction7

2.Background:SociopoliticalEventsandKeyReformssince201710

3.TrendsinGrowth,Poverty,andSharedProsperity12

3.1.GrowthTrends12

3.2.PovertyTrends16

3.3.EquityTrends18

4.DriversofGrowthandPovertyReduction19

4.1.DriversofGrowth20

4.2.DriversofPovertyReduction28

5.KeyChallengestoResilient,Sustainable,andInclusiveGrowth34

5.1.VulnerabilitytoShocksandEnvironmentalRisks35

5.1.1.FragilityandtheRisksofConflict35

5.1.2.VulnerabilitytoEconomicShocks37

5.1.3.ClimateChange,EnvironmentalRisks,andNaturalHazards40

5.1.4.RiskDifferentiation43

5.1.5.VulnerablePopulationsandBuildingResilience43

5.1.6.GovernanceandInstitutionalBottlenecks–ARelatedExampleintheWaterSector45

5.1.7.BindingConstraints45

5.2.AccessingMarketsandTradeIntegration46

5.2.1.TradeIntegrationandGlobalValueChains46

5.2.2.InfrastructureandBorderManagement48

5.2.3.DigitalAccess53

5.2.4.DiasporasasaCatalystforEnhancingConnectivity54