第三课 讲解无机化合物命名.pptxVIP

无机二元化合物命名

FormulaCommonStockHatomichydrogenmonohydrogenO2oxygendioxygenO3ozonetrioxygenP4white(yellow)phosphorustetraphosphorusNamesofSomeElementarySubstance（单质）规律：希腊前缀+元素名称

(Positivepart)+(NegativePart)公式

BinaryCompoundsBinarycompoundsinwhichtheelectropositiveelementhasafixedoxidationstate.Binarycompoundscontainingmetalsofvariableoxidationnumbers.Binarycompoundscontainingtwononmetals.Acidsderivedfrombinarycompounds

（1）…theelectropositiveelementhasafixedoxidationstate.固定氧化态…金属元素名＋非金属元素词干＋idealuminiumoxide

Table1Stemsofthemorecommonnegative-ion-formingelementsStem＋“ide”Cl-:chlorine→chlorideBr-:bromine→bromideO2-:oxygen→oxideS2-:sulfur→sulfideN3-:nitrogen→nitrideC?:carbon→carbideF→F-:fluorine→fluorideCN-:cyanide

Table2Examplesofcompoundswithnamesendingin-ideCaBr2→KCl→MgO→AlN→aluminumnitridemagnesiumoxidepotassiumchloridecalciumbromide

(2)…containingmetalsofvariableoxidationnumbers.变价金属的…Twosystemsarecommonlyusedforcompoundsinthiscategory. Theofficialsystem,designatedbytheInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry(IUPAC),isknownastheStockSystem.Inclassicalnomenclature,…通常有两种体系用于这类化合物的命名：官方体系和传统命名法……

Theofficialsystem

官方体系theoxidationnumberofthemetalinthecompoundisdesignatedbyaRomannumeralwritteninparenthesesimmediatelyafterthenameofthemetal.Thenegativeelementistreatedintheusualmannerforbinarycompounds.Todistinguishbetweenhetwoironchlorides,FeCl2isnamedIron(Ⅱ)chlorideandFeCl3isnamedIron(Ⅲ)chloride.FeCl2Iron(Ⅱ)chlorideCuClCopper(Ⅰ)chlorideFeCl3Iron(Ⅲ)chlorideCuCl2Copper(Ⅱ)chloride

Inclassicalnomenclature

传统命名法FeCl2FerrouschlorideCuClCuprouschlorideFeCl3FerricchlorideCuCl2CupricchlorideTable3Whenthemetallicionhasonlytwooxidationnumbers,thenameofthemetalismodifiedwiththesuffixesousandictodistinguishbetweenthet