初中英语语法基础知识总结 .pdf

初中英语语法基础知识总结

SummaryofBasicGrammarKnowledgeforrHighSchool

English

I。Nouns

1.CountableNouns

Countablenounsarewordsthatcanbecounted。including

individualandcollectivenouns。XXX:

Nounsendingins。x。ch。orshadd-es(exceptstomach).

XXXplusychangeytoiandadd-es。NounsXXXplusy

justadd-s。XXX。XXXinforfechangeto-ves。suchasknives。

leaves。wives。lives。XXX。wolves。XXXhandkerchiefcan

beformedbyadding-sorbychangingfto-ves.

Nounsendinginoadd-s。suchaszoos。pianos。kilos。

photos。autos。ands。Somenounsendinginoadd-es。suchas

Negroes。heroes。XXX.

Irregularpluralnounsincludeman–men。woman–women。

foot–feet。goose–geese。ox–oxen。child–children。tooth–

teeth。andsoon.

Nounswiththesamesingularandpluralforminclude

Chinese。Japanese。sheep。deer。means。works。andsoon.

2.UncountableNouns

XXXdonothavesingularandpluralforms。Theyinclude

materialnouns。abstractnouns。XXX-icsanddenoting

disciplinesareusuallyusedinthesingular.

XXXin-sareusuallyusedinthesingular.

3.PossessiveNouns

1)spossessive。Generally。addsafterthenoun。For

example。TomXXX.

Pluralnounsendinginsoresaddafterthenoun。For

example。theworkersXXXpossessiveofpropernounsendingin

s。ifthenendsin[z]。canbeaddedafterthenoun。ors

canbeadded。Forexample。Dickens/Dickensscup.

Iftwopeoplesharethesamething。onlythesecondnoun

addss。Iftheydonotshareit。bothnounsadds。For

example。TomandMarysroom(shared)。MarysandToms

cups(notshared).

2)Forinanimateobjects。XXXbythestructureofof+

noun。Ingeneral。theofpossessiveisareplacementformof

thespossessive。Forexample。theclassroomoftheschool.

表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命物体

的名词，可以加上“’s”来构成所有格，例如：today’s

newspaper