cultural-dimensions(名词解释-要背诵).ppt

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cultural-dimensions(名词解释-要背诵).ppt

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UnderstandingtheRoleofCulture3-1Copyright?2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall

3-2Copyright?2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHallGLOBEResearchProjectDimensionsHofstede’sValueDimensionsTrompenaar’sDimensions

GLOBEResearchProjectAssertivenessFutureorientationPerformanceorientationHumaneorientationCopyright?2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall3

Assertivenessreferstohowmuchpeopleinasocietyareexpectedtobetough,confrontational,andcompetitiveversusmodestandtender.AustriaandGermany,forexample,arehighlyassertivesocietiesthatvaluecompetitionandhavea“can-do”attitude.ThiscompareswithSwedenandJapan,lessassertivesocieties,whichtendtopreferwarmandcooperativerelationsandharmony.Copyright?2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall4

Futureorientationreferstothelevelofimportanceasocietyattachestofuture-orientedbehaviorssuchasplanningandinvestinginthefuture.SwitzerlandandSingapore,highonthisdimension,areinclinedtosaveforthefutureandhavealongertimehorizonfordecisionswhichRussiaandArgentina,whichtendtoplanmoreintheshortertermandplacemoreemphasisoninstantgratification.Copyright?2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall5

Performanceorientationmeasurestheimportanceofperformanceimprovementandexcellenceinsocietyandreferstowhetherornotpeopleareencouragedtostriveforcontinuedimprovement.Singapore,HongKong,andtheUnitedStatesscorehighonthisdimensionwhilecountrieslikeRussiaandItalyhavelowscoresonthisdimension.Theyholdotherprioritiesaheadofperformance,suchastradition,loyalty,family,andbackground.Copyright?2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall6

Humaneorientationmeasurestheextendtowhichasocietyencouragesandrewardspeopleforbeingfair,altruistic,generous,caringandkind.H

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