自动化或控制系统硬件.pdf

1.4Hardware

TheCndmemory

TheCndmemory

TypesofStorage

TypesofStorage

•Registers

•Dataimmediayrelatedtotheoperationbeingexecuted

•Fasccessthanmemory

•PrimaryMemory

•Datathatwillbeusedinthenearfuture

•Temporary

•Fasccessthanstorage

•Secondary

•Datathatwilleventuallybeused

•Long-term

Registers

Special-purpose

High-speed

Temporarystorage

LocatedinsideCPU

InstructionregisterDataregister

HoldsinstructioncurrentlybeingHoldsdatawaitingtobe

executedprocessed

Holdsresultsfromprocessing

MainMemory

•AlsoreferredasPrimaryMemoryor

ImmediateAccessStore(IAS)

•Storeseverythingthattheprocessorisgoingto

use:

•Operatingsystemmodularprograms

•Programinstructions

•data

MainMemoryOrganization

CPU

Multiplexor

CacheMemoryorganizationdiagram

Bus

Memory

RAMisalsocalledDRAM:Dynamic

RandomAccessMemory

Dynamic(needstoberefreshed

periodically)

CacheusesSRAM:StaticRandom

AccessMemory

Static(Norefresh)

Typesofprimarymemory

•TypesofprimaryMemory:

•PROM:imeonlyprogramming-datais

programmedintoitaftermanufacture.

•EPROM:Canbeerasedbyexposuretoanultr