兽医产科学-第五章-分娩.pptVIP

Chapter5ParturitionWhenthefetusisexpelledtotheoutsideenvironmentafterhavingreacheditsmaturestagewithintheuterus第一节分娩启动一、启动分娩的因素（一）内分泌因素1.胎儿内分泌变化：胎儿的丘脑下部-垂体-肾上腺轴系对分娩发动起着决定性作用。1.1.2Changesinmothernuclide:P4↓、E↑、F↑、PGs↑、OT↑、RLX↑1.2Physicalfactorfetalstimulation1.3Neuralfactor

fetalstimulationpromotethemothernuclidesecretingneuralhormones1.4Immunizingfactorexclusionreactionwasenhancedinlatepregnancy2.母体内分泌变化：P4（孕酮）↓、E（雌激素）↑、F↑、PGs（前列腺素）↑、OT（催产素）↑、RLX(松弛素)↑。（二）机械性因素：胎儿剌激。（三）神经性因素：胎儿剌激促进母体神经激素分泌.（四）免疫性因素：妊娠末期排斥反应增强。2.MechanismofParturitionParturitionstartiscausedbytheeffectsofavarietyoffactorsthefetalhypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalglandaxissystemiscloselyrelatedtotheparturitionstart.Beforeparturition,fetusreacheditsmaturestage,pituitarysecretelargeamountofACTH,arisetheconcentrationofcortisol.Thiscausethedecreaseofprogesteronelevelandincreaseofestrogenlevel.Thedecreaseofprogesteronelevelremovetheinhibitiontotheuterus,theincreaseofestrogenlevelstimulatetheuterussynthesizethereceptorofoxytocinandsecreteprostaglandin.二、分娩的机理分娩启动是各种因素共同作用的结果。胎儿的丘脑下部－垂体－肾上腺轴系统与分娩的启动密切相关。正常分娩之前，胎儿发育成熟，垂体分泌大量ACTH，使肾上腺皮质醇的含量增多。引起孕酮分泌减少和雌激素分泌增多。孕酮水平下降，解除了对子宫的抑制作用。雌激素水平增加，刺激子宫合成催产素受体和分泌前列腺素。Theincreaseofoxytocinreceptorconcentrationrisethesensitivityofuterustooxytocin,uterusbeginstocontractbytheeffectofoxytocin.Prostaglandinisassociatedwithluteolysisandtherebydecreasestheprogesteronelevels.Prostaglandinalsostimulatepituitaryreleaseoxytocin,increasesinvoluntarymyometrialcontraction.Whenthefetusandgestationalsacarepushedtocervix,thefrontpartstimulatenerveceptorofcervixandvagina,promoteoxytocinrelease,whichproducestheexpulsionforceoftheabdominalstraining.Theoxytocinamountreleasedandintensityofabdominalstrainingrelateto