太阳辐射与大气层.ppt

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Lecture3:RadiationandEarth’sAtmosphereEarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdf,p.1-5Formoreadvancedreadingmaterials,pleasesee/courses/387h/ScheduleGPC_detail.htmTheearth’sglobalaveragesurfacetemperatureinpresentclimateis15C(59F).Withouttheatmosphere,itwouldbe-18C(-0.4F),About33Cor59.4Fcolder!Atmosphereisthemostimportantcomponentoftheearth’sclimate.Radiationvs.otherheatsources:Totalenergyentertheearth’satmosphere:174petawattsor174X1015WattsSolar:99.978%,Geothermal:0.013%,wasteandfossilfuel:0.007%,tidal:0.002%

Earth’sAtmosphere1.Whatisit?Athingaseousenvelopearoundtheplanet.2.CompositionToday’satmosphere:nitrogen(78%),oxygen(21%),other(1%)–tracegases!Nitrogen,oxygen,argon,watervapor,carbondioxide,methane,andmostothergasesareinvisible.Cloudsarenotgas,butcondensedvaporintheformofliquiddropletsoriceparticles.Groundbasedsmog,whichisvisible,containsreactantsofnitrogenandozone.3.StructureFourlayers:Troposphere(overturning)Stratosphere(stratified)Fromsurfaceto8-18kmFromtropospheretopto50kmMesosphereThermosphereBluesky!

TheStructureofEarth’sAtmosphere1.Fourlayersdefinedbytemperature2.ImportancetoclimateandclimatechangeTroposphere:Troposphere:Stratosphere:Mesosphere:Thermosphere:TdecreaseswithelevationTincreaseswithelevationTdecreaseswithelevationTincreaseswithelevation80%ofEarth’sgasesMostofEarth’sweatherhappensMostofthemeasurementsStratosphere:19.9%ofEarth’sgasesOzonelayer:BlockingSun’sultravioletradiation

EnergyfromtheSun1.CharacteristicsTravelsthroughspace(vacuum)inaspeedoflight3.ImportancetoclimateandclimatechangeIntheformofwaves:InstreamofparticlesElectromagneticwaves(Photons)PrimarydrivingforceofEarth’sclimateengine2.ElectromagneticspectrumFromshortwavelength,highenergy,gammaraystolongwavelength,lowenergy,r

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