2021江西考研英语二真题及答案.pdfVIP

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2021江西考研英语二真题及答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Itsnotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuchharder,1,tounderstand

theirnegative

consequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents.2oneandthe

others

becomedistorted.TravelonaLondonbusandyoull3seehowthisworkswithdrivers.

Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.Aretheycarefullyinspected?Never.

Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?Ofcourse!Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeople

havepaid?Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorunforthebus?Theyare5.How

aboutjumpinglights?Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.Why?Because

thetargetis6.Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent.7,the

numberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddriverswere8orpunishedaccording

tothetimetheytook.Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey9hitcyclists.If

thetargetwaschangedto10,youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitive

pricing.Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore11driverswhoobeyed

trafficlaws.Butboththesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.Thereis

another12:peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets.Haveyou13that

youcanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?Tailwinds?Ofcourse

not!Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea14ismeanttotake.Aone-hourfight

isnowballadasatwo-hourflight.The15ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsare

multidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell16

others.EverythingCanbedonefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa17.Setting

targetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegativeconsequences.Thisisnotanargument

againsttarget-setting.Butitisanargumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.All

goodtargetsshouldhavemultiplecriteria