《专业英语》课件Unit_3.pptx

BuildingEngineeringUnit 3Text Typesofbuildings Abuildingiscloselyboundupwithpeople,foritprovidespeoplewiththenecessaryspacetoworkandlivein. Asclassifiedbytheiruse,buildingsaremainlyoftwotypes：industrialbuildingsandcivilbuildings(Fig3.l(a),Fig3.l(b)).Industrialbuildingsareusedbyvariousfactoriesorindustrialproductionwhilecivilbuildingsarethosethatareusedbypeoplefordwelling,employment,educationandothersocialactivities[1]. 1–foundation,2-step,3-canopy,4-scatterwater,5-plinth,6-window,7-basement,8-floor,9-stairs,10-internallongitudinalwall,11-internaltransversewall,12-partition,13-externalwall,14-drainpipe,15-wateroutlet,16-overhangeaves,17-roof,18-parapet,19-doorFig3.l(b)ACivilBuilding1-column,2-foundation,3-rooftruss,4-roofslab,5–cornercolumn，6-windresistancecolumn,7-gablewall,8-windows,9-plinth,10-scatterwater,11-foundationbeam,12-externalongitudinalwall,13-cranebeam,14-ground,15-columnbracing,16-connectingbeam,17-ringbeamFig3.1(a)FabricatedSingle-storeyIndustrialFactoryText Asclassifiedbytheirstructuraltypes,buildingsaremainlyoffourtypes:framestructures(Fig3.2(a))whereaframe,orskeleton,holdsuptheweightandothermaterialsareusedtoclosethebuildingup;masswallstructures(Fig3.2(b)),wheresolidmaterialssuchasbrick,concreteandothertypesofmasonryareusedtobuildheavywallsthatholdupthebuilding;mixedbearingstructureiscomposedofframestructureandbearingwallsupportingalltheweighttogether；spacestructureformedbyreinforcedconcreteandsteelsupporttheloads,forexample,trussstructure,cablestructure,shellstructureetc..1-prefabricatedslab,2-bearingwall,3-self-supportingwallFig3.2(b)MassWallStructure1-slab,2-mainbeam,3-fillerwallFig3.2(a)FameStructuresText A