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SierraAcademyofAeronauticsIRGroundLesson5PrecisionApproach's
PrecisionApproachesProvidelateralandverticalguidanceExamples:ILS,MLS,andPAR
InstrumentLandingSystem(ILS)BasicGroundComponentsoftheILS:LocalizerGlideSlopeOuterMarkerMiddleMarker(ApproachLightSystem)
LocalizerVHFgroundbasedtransmitterthatprovidescourseguidancetotherunwaycenterline.Angularwidthofcoursevariesbetween3and6degrees.Coursewidthatrunwaythresholdisapproximately700feet.Localizersensitivityis4timesgreaterthenVOR.
Localizer(cont.)Localizerreceptionisavailabletoatleast18NMfromantennaanduptoanaltitudeof4,500ft.abovetheantenna.
Localizer(cont.)Eachdotrepresents?degreeoffcourse.40ILSchannels:108.10–111.95MHz(oddths)Four-letterMorsecode
LocalizerOrientation:Signalonlyrepresentsonemagneticcoursetorunway.OBSDOESNOTaffectcoursetracking.TOFlagpresentregardlessofinbound/outbound,frontcourse/backcourse.Whentrackinginsamedirectionoffrontcourse,propersensing;whentrackingoppositedirectionoffrontcourse,reversesensingoccurs.(179vs.359)WhenusingHSI,musttwistinfrontcoursetoallowcontinuouspropersensing.
LocalizerOrientation:
GlideSlopeUHFtransmitteris“paired”totheVHFlocalizerfrequency.Providesverticalguidancetoadistanceof10NM.Signalisonly1.4deg.thick,soextremelysensitive.ShouldinterceptGSatrecommendedpublishedaltitudetoavoidfalseGSindications.
ILSMarkerBeaconsProviderangeinformationandindicatesignificantpointsintheapproach.
ILSMarkerBeacons(cont.)OuterMarker(OM)PlacedatFAFforthenonprecisionapproach/justinsidepointofglideslopeintercept(4-7milesfromrunwaythreshold).Glideslopeisapproximately1,400feetaboveOM.
ILSMarkerBeacons(cont.)MiddleMarker(MM)Locatedapproximately3,500feetfromrunwaythresholdandinterceptsglideslopeatapproximately200feetaboveTDZE.Thisusuallycorrespondsw
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