MIT(麻省理工)信号与系统讲义-lecture4.ppt

ConvolutionintegralrepresentationofCTLTIsystemsRepresentationofCTSignalsintermsofshiftedunitimpulsesPropertiesandExamplesTheunitimpulseasanidealizedpulsethatis“shortenough”:Theoperationaldefinitionofδ(t)SignalsandSystemsFall2003Lecture#416September2003

RepresentationofCTSignalsApproximateanyinputx(t)asasumofshifted,scaledpulses

hasunitareaTheSiftingPropertyoftheUnitImpulse

ResponseofaCTLTISystemImpulseresponse:TakinglimitsConvolutionIntegral

OperationofCTConvolutionExample:CTconvolution

TimeIntervalOutput

PROPERTIESANDEXAMPLESCommutativity:Anintegraor:Siftingproperty:SoifinputoutputSteprespose:

DISTRIBUTIVITY

ASSOCIATIVITYCommutativity

Causality:CTLTIsystemiscausalStability:CTLTIsystemisstable

Theimpulseasanidealized“short”pulseConsiderresponsefrominitialresttopulsesofdifferentshapesanddurations,butwithunitarea.Asthedurationdecreases,theresponsesbecomesimilarfordifferentpulseshapes.

TheOperationalDefinitionoftheUnitImpulseδ(t)δ(t)—idealizationofaunit-areapulsethatissoshortthat,foranyphysicalsystemsofinteresttous,thesystemrespondsonlytotheareaofthepulseandisinsensitivetoitsdurationOperationally:TheunitimpulseisthesignalwhichwhenappliedtoanyLTIsystemresultsinanoutputequaltotheimpulseresponseofthesystem.Thatis,δ(t)isdefinedbywhatitdoesunderconvolution.

TheUnitDoublet—DifferentiatorImpulseresponse=unitdoubletTheoperationaldefinitionoftheunitdoublet:

Tripletsandbeyond!nisnumberofdifferentiationsOperationaldefinitionsntimes

“-1derivatives=integral?I.R.=unitstepIntegratorsImpulseresponse:Operationaldefinition:Cascadeofnintegrators:ntimes

Integrators(continued)theunitrampMoregenerally,forn

NotationThenE.g.Defineandcanbe

SometimesUsefulTricksDifferentiatefirst,thenconvolve,thenintegrate

Example

Example(continued)