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FrancisBacon(1561-1626)
(弗朗西斯·培根)Birth:January22,1561(YorkHouse,London)Death:April9,1626(Highgate)Cambridgetrinitycollege(1573)introductionFrancisBacon（1561－1626）wasthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy（唯物主义哲学）。HewasbornintothefamilyofSirNicholasBacon，keeperofthePrivySeal（御玺）toQueenElizabeth.TheboyearlywonthefavoroftheQueen.HewenttoCambridgeattwelveandaftergraduatingatsixteen，tookuplaw.Hesoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfullawyersofthetime.Attwenty-threehebecameamemberoftheHouseofCommons（下议院）andhisjudgmentandeloquence（口才）madehimfamous.WhenJamesIcametoEngland，BaconobtainedoneimportantofficeafteranotheruntilhebecamelordChancellor（大法官）andwasmadeapeer（nobleman）in1618.Hewasanadmirablejudge，butinthecourseofrisinghehadmadeenemieswhochargedhimwithbribery（受贿）。Hewasconvicted（判罪）deprived（免去）ofhisoffice，finedandbanished（流放）fromLondonin1621.Fiveyearslater，hediedindisgrace（耻辱）。CareerMajorWorksEssay:ADefinitionItisarelativelyshortliterarycompositioninprose,inwhichawriterdiscussesatopic,usuallyrestrictedinscope,ortriestopersuadethereadertoacceptaparticularpointofview.thetermessaywasfirstappliedtotheformin1580byMontaigne,oneofthegreatestessayistsofalltime,tohispiecesonfriendship,love,death,andmorality.InEnglandthetermwasinaugurated（开始）in1597byFrancisBacon,whowroteshrewd（机灵的）meditations（沉思录）oncivilandmoralwisdom.Bacon’sEssaysHisEssaysisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature,whichhasbeenrecognizedasanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose.Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity,compactnessandpowerfulness.Andtheneatness,thepreciseness,thegravity,andtheweightinessaretheessentialqualitiesofhiswritings.Balanceandoppositionarethemostcommonstrategies
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