2025版高考英语一轮总复习考点突破专题四需要变形的名词形容词和副词第一讲名词考点一名词的构词规律.docVIP

考点一名词的构词规律

1．动词变名词的后缀

类别

例词

-al表示人、物、行为、状态(特殊：去e＋-al)

approve→approval,survive→survival，arrive→arrival，refuse→

refusal，propose→proposal

-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为

appear→appearance，perform→performance，exist→existence，prefer→preference，refer→reference，depend→dependence，guide→guidance

-ion/-tion/-ation表示状态或行为

direct→direction，expect→expectation，explain→explanation，invite→invitation，solve→solution，compete→competition，pronounce→pronunciation，describe→description，repeat→repetition

-s(s)ion表示行为或状态

discuss→discussion，admit→

admission，decide→decision

-ing表示具有……(特征的)

hear→hearing，listen→listening，begin→beginning

-ment表示行为、结果等

achieve→achievement，develop→development，argue→argument

-ure/-ture表示行为或状态

fail→failure，press→pressure，mix→mixture，expose→exposure

-y表示“……的动作(或过程)”

recover→recovery，discover→discovery

其他常见变化

choose→choice，vary→variety，tend→tendency，grow→growth，marry→marriage，carry→carriage，pack→package，post→postage，store→storage

2．形容词变名词的后缀

类别

例词

-cy表示性质、状态

fluent→fluency，accurate→accuracy，private→privacy，efficient→efficiency

-dom表示地位、状况等

free→freedom,wise→wisdom

-ness表示性质、状态

dark→darkness，weak→weakness，kind→kindness，cold→coldness，aware→awareness

-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态

warm→warmth,true→truth,deep→depth，strong→strength，long→length,wide→width

-y/-ty/-ity表示性质或状态

difficult→difficulty，honest→honesty，

safe→safety，cruel→cruelty，

responsible→responsibility

-ent→-ence,-ant→-ance,-nd→-nse

different→difference，silent→silence，respond→response，patient→patience，absent→absence，present→presence，confident→confidence，convenient→convenience，important→importance，defend→defense

即时演练(一)

单句语法填空

1．Ihadtorefuseyourinvitationbecauseofapreciousengagement(engage)．

2．Acollectionofarchaeologicalevidencehasconfirmedtheexistence(exist)ofrhinosinancientChina.

3．Thecompanyssilenceonthesubjecthasbeentakenasanadmission(admit)ofguilt.

4.Whatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessandconsideration(consider)sheshowedtoallherpatients.

5．Meanwhile,a