新一代大学英语综合教程英语提高篇课文翻译.docxVIP

新一代大学英语综合教程英语提高篇课文翻译

TheTranslationofTextsintheAdvancedCourseoftheNewCollegeEnglishIntegratedTextbook

Part1Text1-1

BeforetheadventoftheArabSpring,themoralcasefordemocracyappearedtobeinretreat.Afterall,overthecourseofthetwentiethcentury,democracyhadbeenassociatedwithagooddealofviolence,includingthetwoworldwarsandthecoldwar,nottomentionthecoupsandcivilwarsthatpunctuatedmanynewlyindependentcountriesinthedevelopingworld.Somerecentstudieshaveevensuggestedthatdemocraciesaremorelikelytoexperienceeconomiccrises,concludingthatauthoritarianregimesarebetteratmakingtoughbutnecessarydecisionsunderpressure.

Newdemocracieshavetofigureouthowtousethegovernment’smostpowerfultool—thepowerofaffirmativeaction—withoutundulyburdeningothers.Democraciesarepremised,inpart,ontheideathatpeopleshouldbetreatedequally.Affirmativeaction,however,ofteninvolvesdiscrimination—aformof“reversediscrimination”thattreatspeopledifferentlyinordertoachieveasociallydesirableoutcome.Forexample,minoritygroupsmightbegivenspecialpreferencesinhiringoradmissiontouniversitiesandgovernmentjobs.

Part2Text2-1

Whenitcomestothebusinessworld,womendon’thaveiteasy.Despiteagrowingpresenceintheformerlymale-dominatedfieldslikemedicine,law,finance,andengineering,womenstillfindthemselveshittingaglassceiling.Whilewomenown30percentofallbusinessesintheU.S.,theyonlyoccupy22percentofexecutivepositions.Thesadfactisthatwomenstillfacediscriminationintheworkplace,whetherconsciousorunconscious,andthishasrealconsequencesfortheircareers.

Butit’snotjustdiscriminationthatholdswomenback.Gendernormsandsocietalexpectationsplayahugeroleinhowwomenareviewedinthebusinessworld.Forexample,womenareoftenlabeledas“tooemotional”intheworkplace—astereotypethat’s