C初中阅读有效教学(西南大学杨晓钰).ppt

初中英语阅读有效教学;阅读课目标分析

与案例;;Peopleconstructmeaningbasedontheir

ownexperienceandknowledge.Therefore,

wemaygetverydifferentimpression

aboutthesamepicturewearelookingat.

;Ifthestudentsfailtounderstandthenatureofreading,theywilladoptinappropriateandineffectivereadingstrategies;ifteachersfailtodoso,theywillbeunabletohelpthestudentstodevelopeffectivereadingskills.

;1.Readingisanactiveprocess.Itconstantlyinvolvesguessing,predicting,checkingandaskingoneselfquestions.

2.Readingistheabilitytounderstandthe

writtenwordsandrespondtotheminproperways.

3.Readingmeansgettingmeaningoutofagiventext.

;Howdoyouread?;A.自下而上的模式(thebottom-upmodel)

Thereaderbuildsupthemeaningofatextonthebasisofdecodingsmallerunits:firstwords,andphrases,thensentencesandparagraphs,andfinallyworkingoutthemeaningofthewholetext.

阅读者从最小的单位：字母和单词识别开始，逐步弄懂较大的语言单位：短语、分句、句子和语篇的意义。这就是阅读理解自下而上的模式。依照这个模式去理解阅读过程，教师在教授阅读时，主要任务就是帮助学生解决语言上的障碍，即弄清词、短语和句子的意义。这个模式低估了阅读者的主动作用。;B.从上而下的模式(thetop-downmodel)

Thereaderuseshisorherknowledgeofthetopicorofthetypeofthetextandmakespredictionsaboutwhatthetextwillcontain,thenthesepredictionsarecheckedbyreadingandtryingtounderstandthetext.

;阅读者在阅读过程中，是主动的参与者，他们并不是逐字逐句地去理解，而是结合自己的预测，在文章中找出有关的信息，来验证自己的预测。这就是从上而下的模式。按照这个模式，阅读不但需要语言知识，而且需要有关客观世界的背景知识。一些学者认为从上而下的模式强调用某些背景知识或文中的提示来对意义进行预测，而对较低层次的能力如快速、准确地对词汇和语法结构等别的能力有所无视。;C.相互作用的模式(theinteractivemodel)

Thereaderusesbottom-upandtop-downwaystogether,andthetwowaysinteractwitheachotherintheunderstandingofatext.Thereadermayshiftfromonefocustoanotherduringtheprocess.Thatmeanshemightpredictthecontextofthetextbyusinghisknowledgeofthetopic(top-down),thenlookforkeywords(bottom–up)tochecktheprediction,orgetthemaingistofthetextbyskimmingitquickly