安全工程专业高铁列车运行中的火灾危险性分析.docVIP

摘要

本文首先通过对国内外列车火灾事故案例及其影响因素进行分析，对高速列车火灾危险有害因素进行了辨识，建立列车运营火灾事故树进行定性分析，分析结果表明员工操作失误、消防宣传、可燃物与氧化剂、设施设备故障、消防系统设计缺陷、救援通道不畅、消防管理制度未落实、培训与演练不充分、爆炸、逃生组织不力、救援疏散设施设备不完善、纵火、逃生出口不足、行车事故、乘客违规携带易燃易爆物品、火灾应急预案不到位、消防技能不合格这些因素是导致高铁列车火灾常见的客观因素。

进一步地，再对高铁列车火灾危险源进行辨识和评价的基础上，提出了应着重在以下六方面加强高铁列车火灾风险防控：(1)加强对起火源控制(2)提高列车消防灭火能力(3)提高列车上火灾救援疏散能力(4)加强列车上工作人员能力(5)健全列车消防管理制度(6)加强列车消防知识宣传力度。

关键词：高速列车；安全：火灾；危险源；事故树

Abstract

Firstofall,throughtheanalysisofdomesticandforeigntrainfireaccidentcasesandtheirinfluencingfactors,thispaperidentifiesthedangerousandharmfulfactorsofhigh-speedtrainfire,establishesafireaccidenttreeforqualitativeanalysis,andtheanalysisresultsshowthatthestaffoperationerror,firepropaganda,combustibleandoxidant,facilitiesandequipmentfailure,firesystemdesigndefects,rescuechannelisnotsmooth,andthefireiseliminatedThecommonobjectivefactorsleadingtohigh-speedrailtrainfireare:thepreventionmanagementsystemisnotimplemented,thetraininganddrillarenotenough,theexplosion,theescapeorganizationisnotenough,therescueandevacuationfacilitiesandequipmentarenotperfect,thearson,theescapeexitisnotenough,thetrafficaccident,thepassengerscarryinflammableandexplosivematerialsillegally,thefireemergencyplanisnotinplace,andthefirefightingskillsarenotqualified.

Further,basedontheidentificationandevaluationofthefirerisksourcesofhigh-speedrailtrains,thefollowingsixaspectsareproposedtostrengthenthefireriskpreventionandcontrolofhigh-speedrailtrains:(1)strengthenthecontroloffiresources;(2)improvethefirefightingcapacityoftrains;(3)improvethefirerescueandevacuationcapacityoftrains;(4)strengthenthecapacityofthestaffontrains;(5)improvethefiremanagementsystemoftrains;(6)strengthenthetrainfirefightingPropagandaofknowledgeprevention.

Keywords:highspeedtrain;safety;fire