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Chapter3 Morphology
Lexiconisthecollectionofallthewordsofalanguage.Itissynonymouswith“vocabulary”.
Wordsarethefocusofthestudyoflexicon,sotheemphasisofthischapterfallsuponwords,i.e.,theanalysis
andcreationofwords.
Linguistsdefinethewordasthesmallestfreeformfoundinlanguage.Thefeaturesofword
Wordismeaningful;wordisagrammaticalunit;wordcanbeusedindependently;wordisrelativelystableanduninterruptible.
Morphologyreferstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledthelexicon.
Wordsarethesmallestfreeunitsoflanguagethatunitesoundswithmeaning.
Morphologyisabranchoflinguistics,whereaslexiconisacomponentoflanguageinsteadofabranchof
linguistics.
Openclasswordandclosedclassword
Openclasswords----contentwordsofalanguagetowhichwecanregularlyaddnewwords,suchasnouns,adjectives,verbsandadverbs,e.g.beatnik(amemberoftheBeatGeneration),hacker,email,internet,“做秀，时装秀…”inChinese.
Closedclasswords----grammaticalorfunctionalwords,suchasconjunction,articles,prepositionandpronouns.
Morpheme--theminimalunitofmeaning.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageiscalledamorpheme.
---Wordsarecomposedofmorphemes.Wordsmayconsistofonemorphemeormoremorphemes,e.g.
1-morpheme boy,desire
2-morpheme boy+ish,desir(e)+ble
3-morpheme boy+ish+ness,desir(e)+bl(e)+ity
4-morpheme gentle+man+li+ness,un+desir(e)+abl(e)+ity
5-morpheme un+gentle+man+li+ness
7-morpheme anti+dis+establish+ment+ari+an+ism
Morph:whenpeoplewishtodistinguishthesoundofamorphemefromtheentiremorpheme,theymaysuedtheterm.Itisthephoneticrealizationofamorpheme
Allomorph: Amorphememayberepresentedbydifferentforms,calledallomorphs.Itisthephoneticvariantofamorpheme.
?Somemorphemeshaveasingleforminallcontexts,suchas“dog,ba
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