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SolvingproblemsbysearchingChapter314Jan20041CS3243-BlindSearch
OutlineProblem-solvingagentsProblemtypesProblemformulationExampleproblemsBasicsearchalgorithms14Jan20042CS3243-BlindSearch
Problem-solvingagents14Jan20043CS3243-BlindSearch
Example:RomaniaOnholidayinRomania;currentlyinArad.FlightleavestomorrowfromBucharest
Formulategoal:beinBucharest
Formulateproblem:states:variouscitiesactions:drivebetweencities
Findsolution:sequenceofcities,e.g.,Arad,Sibiu,Fagaras,Bucharest
14Jan20044CS3243-BlindSearch
Example:Romania14Jan20045CS3243-BlindSearch
Well-definedproblemsandsolutionsAproblemcanbedefinedbyfouritems:
initialstatee.g.,atArad
actionsorsuccessorfunctionS(x)=setofaction–statepairse.g.,S(Arad)={Arad?Zerind,Zerind,…}
goaltest,canbeexplicit,e.g.,x=atBucharestimplicit,e.g.,Checkmate(x)
pathcost(additive)e.g.,sumofdistances,numberofactionsexecuted,etc.c(x,a,y)isthestepcost,assumedtobe≥0
Asolutionisasequenceofactionsleadingfromtheinitialstatetoagoalstate
14Jan20046CS3243-BlindSearch
FormulatingproblemsRealworldisabsurdlycomplex?statespacemustbeabstractedforproblemsolving
(Abstract)state=setofrealstates
(Abstract)action=complexcombinationofrealactionse.g.,Arad?Zerindrepresentsacomplexsetofpossibleroutes,detours,reststops,etc.(Abstract)solution=setofrealpathsthataresolutionsintherealworld14Jan20047CS3243-BlindSearch
Vacuumworldstatespacegraphstates?actions?goaltest?pathcost?
14Jan20048CS3243-BlindSearch
Vacuumworldstatespacegraphstates?integerdirtandrobotlocationactions?Left,Right,Suckgoaltest?nodirtatalllocationspathcost?1peraction14Jan20049CS3243-BlindSearch
Example:The8-puzzlestates?actions?goaltest?pathcost?14Jan200410CS3243-BlindSearch
Example:The8-puzzlestates?locationsoftilesactions?moveblankleft
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