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Chapter3AnalyzingtheaudienceToday’sScheduleRevisionAnalyzingtheaudienceAssignment
Analyzingtheaudience1.Audience-centeredness以听众为中心2.Thepsychologyofaudience听众的心理3.Demographicaudienceanalysis听众分析统计4.Situationalaudienceanalysis听众分析的具体情形5.Adaptingtotheaudience适应听众
1.Audience-centerednessAudience-centeredness:keepingtheaudienceforemostinmindateverystepofspeechpreparationandpresentation.
QuestionstobeaskedwhenpreparingTowhomamIspeaking?WhatdoIwantthemtoknow,believe,ordoasaresultofmyspeech?Whatisthemosteffectivewayofcomposingandpresentingmyspeechtoaccomplishthataim?(how)
Effectivepublicspeakersseektocreateabondwiththeirlistenersbyemphasizingcommonvalues,goals,andexperiences.Communicationscholarscallthisprocessidentification.Identification:aprocessinwhichspeakersseektocreateabondwiththeaudiencebyemphasizingcommonvalues,goals,andexperiences.
2.ThepsychologyofaudiencesQuestion:whatdoyoudowhenyoulistentoaspeech?twomessages:speaker,filter,listenerpeoplehearwhattheywanttohearanddisregardtherest.
Question:whatdopeoplewanttohear?MeaningfulEgocentrism:Thetendencyofpeopletobeconcernedaboveallwiththeirownvalues,beliefs,andwell-being.Listenerstypicallyapproachspeecheswithonequestionuppermostinmind:“Whyisthisimportanttome?”
HarryEmersonFosdick,(1878-1969)“Thereisnothingthatpeopleareasinterestedinasthemselves,theirownproblems,antthewaytosolvethem.Thefactisbasic…Itistheprimarystartingpointofallsuccessfulpublicspeaking.”
Whatdothesepsychologicalprinciplesmeantoyouasaspeaker?Listeners:whattheyalreadyknowSpeakers:relatethemessageto
3.DemographicAudienceAnalysisDemographicaudienceanalysis:Audienceanalysisthatfocusesondemographicfactorssuchasage,gender,religion,sexualorientation,groupmembership,andracial,eth
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