《地球物理流体力学》第4章考虑湍流效应的地流控制方程.pptx

1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10;Turbulentflowsare3D,unsteady,rotational,viscousandchaoticfluidmotionswithinstabilityandnonlinearity.

Turbulenceconsistsofeddiesinawiderangeoftimeandlengthscales.Largereddiescarrymostoftheenergyandismainlyresponsiblefortheenhanceddiffusivityandstresses.

Largereddiescarrysmalleddies,andtransferkineticenergytosmallerones.Ultimately,thesmallesteddiesdissipateintoheatbytheactionofmolecularviscosity.;Momentumequationforturbulentflow湍流流动;ColorshadesoftheinstantaneousstreamwisevelocityinLESofturbulentflowinplanediffuser;14;EddiesandDNSforturbulencecomputations;Geophysicalflowislarge-Reynolds-numberturbulentflow.

Reynolds-averagedNavier-Stokesequationsforimpressibleflow

雷诺平均方程;Reynoldsstressrepresentsanaveragefluxofx-momentumduetosmall-scalemotionsacrossthey-surface;18;HowtomodelEddy(turbulentviscosity)

coefficientAM;Effectofturbulenceformomentum/scalar/energytransport.;湍流动量交换系数AM的各向异性(变化剧烈)

Foratmospherenearground,verticalAV~10m2s-1andHorizontalAH~104KVTheydecreaseaszincrease,

Forseawater,AV~10-3-10-1m2s-1;AH~105KV;22;23;24;Scaleanalysisingeophysicalflows(z);Scaleanalysisingeophysicalflows(x,y);27;罗斯贝数(Ro,Rossbynumber):惯性力/科氏力

TheratioofinertialforcetoCoriolisforce

Ro=U/(L*f)=(U2/L)/(f*U);f=2Ωsinφ

Ro1,Coriolisforcecanbeneglected;

Ro~1，bothareimportant;

Ro1，inertialforcecanbeneglected;大尺度地转平衡关系式

(二力平衡);Geostropicflow(地转流2)betweenCoriolis

termandpressuregradientterm;31;Ekmannumber埃克曼数;湍流Ekmannumber;Onlyconsiderfriction(turbulentshear)inEkmanlayers;Ekmandepth/thickness(Ekman厚度)

inatmosphereandseaflows;36;37;38;39;40;41;42;43;44;45;46;47;Chapter4.4Vorticityequation

涡度方程;Vorticity(涡度)anddivergence(散度)aretwopropertiesofgeophysicalflows;涡量与流体微团自身的旋转角速度成正比，而与流体微团重心围绕某一参考中心作圆周运动的角速度无关。流动是否有旋与流体质点的运动轨迹无关。一个作圆周运动的流体微团可能涡量为零;涡度方程推导和物理