大二下期末操作系统ch06.pptx

Chapter6:ProcessSynchronization

Module6:ProcessSynchronizationBackgroundTheCritical-SectionProblem(临界区问题)Peterson’sSolution(Peterson算法)SynchronizationHardwareSemaphores（信号量）ClassicProblemsofSynchronizationMonitors（管程）SynchronizationExamplesAtomicTransactions（原子性与原子事务）

ObjectivesTointroducethecritical-sectionproblem,whosesolutionscanbeusedtoensuretheconsistencyofshareddataTopresentbothsoftwareandhardwaresolutionsofthecritical-sectionproblem临界区问题及其软硬件解法Tointroducetheconceptofanatomictransactionanddescribemechanismstoensureatomicity原子事务、保证原子性的机制

ProcessCooperationDirectCooperation(直接作用)IndirectCooperation(间接作用)

ProcessCooperationTwoormoreprocessesareexplicitlystatedascooperating.多个进程被显式声明为互相需要合作的进程E.g.当进程运行到某一点时要求另一伙伴进程为它提供消息在未获得消息之前，该进程处于等待状态获得消息后被唤醒进入就绪态DirectCooperation(直接作用)

ProcessCooperationDirectCooperation(直接作用)Example司机P1While(true){启动车辆；正常运行；到站停车；}售票员P2While(true){关门；售票；开门；}

ProcessCooperationTwoormoreprocessesarecompeteforoneormoreshareddata多个进程竞争使用共享数据（资源）Indirectcooperationdoesnotforcespecificorder.(间接作用不会强制合作进程之间遵循特定的先后顺序)Butalsotherearerulestoobey:maintaindataconsistency间接合作进程必须保证对共享数据的一致性访问IndirectCooperation(间接作用)

ProcessCooperationIndirectCooperation(间接作用)Example：ＭｕｔｕａｌＥｘｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ（互斥）P1:if(x=100){x-=100;}P2:if(x100){x-=100;}ＡＴＭ取款ｘ为共享变量，初值为１００P1:if(x=100){x-=100;}P2:if(x100){x-=100;}

ProcessCooperation进程P1if(x=100);进程P2If(x=100)进程P1X-=100;进程P2X-=100;P1:if(x=100){x-=100;}P2:if(x100){x-=100;}IndirectCooperation(间接作用)Example：ＭｕｔｕａｌＥｘｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ（互斥）Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ

Background间接进程协作的无序性，导致对其处理的难度相对较大Concurrentaccesstoshareddatamayresultindatainconsistency对共享数据的并发访问可能导致数据不一致Maintainingdataconsistencyrequiresmechanismstoensuretheorderlyexecutionofcooperatingprocesses

Background进程P