物理层内容功能computer networks-slide 02计算机网络.pdfVIP

Contents

•Functionofthephysicallayer:

–isconcernedwithtransmittingrawbitsoveracommunication

channel

–dealwithmechanical,electrical,andtiminginterfaces,andthe

physicaltransmissionmedium

•Theoreticalbasisfordommunication

•Transmissionmedia:

–guided(copperwireandfiberoptics)

–wireless(terrestrialradio),

–salite

•threeexamplesofcommunicationsystems:

–the(fixed)ephonesystem

–thephonesystem

–thecableevisionsystem

TheTheoreticalBasisfor

Dommunication

•Informationcanbetransmittedonwiresby

varyingsomephysicalpropertysuchas

voltageorcurrent.

•Bandwidth-limitedsignals

–Therangeoffrequenciestransmitted

withoutbeingstronglyattenuatediscalled

thebandwidth.

TheTheoreticalBasisforData

Communication

•umdatarateforafinitebandwidthnoiseless

channel

•Nyquistprovedthatifanarbitrarysignalhasbeenrun

throughalossfilterofbandwidthH,thefiltered

signalcanbecompleyreconstructedbymakingonly

2H(exact)samplespersecond.

•Nyquist’stheorem:

umdatarate=2Hlog2Vbits/sec

ifthesignalconsistsofVdiscreevels

•umdatarateofanoisychannel

•Shannonsmajorresult:theumdatarateofa

noisychannelwhosebandwidthisHHz,andwhose

signal-to-noiseratioisS/N,isgivenby

umnumberofbits/sec=Hlog(1+S/N)

2

Bandwidth-LimitedSignals

(a)binarysignalanditsroot-mean-squareFourieramplitudes.

(b)–(c)Successiveapproximationstotheoriginalsignal.

Bandwidth-L