【期末备考】专题06：阅读理解说明文（试题版）.docx

专题06阅读理解说明文

【01】上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末复习调研考试试题

【02】上海市吴淞中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

【03】上海市曹杨第二中学2021-2022学年高二下学期总结性评价（期末）英语试题

【04】上海市师范大学附属外国语中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

【05】上海市行知中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末卷线上调研英语试题

【06】上海市行知中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末卷线上调研英语试题

【07】上海市金山中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷

【08】上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高二下学期月考试题

Passage1

Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanunclearandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience.Opportunitiesformisinterpretationareeverywhere.

Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasearlyformsofscienceandarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectiveinspectionandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.

Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.Butthecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandbattlebetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.

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