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Lecture4
FundamentalsofMathematicalStatistics(2)
BasedonJeffreyM.Wooldridge,IntroductoryEconometrics,AppendixC
HoaNguyen
CrawfordSchoolofEconomicsandGovernment
June–July2010
Page1
Agenda
Lasttime,wecovered:
Populations,Parameters,andSampling
EstimatorsandEstimates
FinitesamplepropertiesofEstimators
UnbiasedEstimators
Thesamplingvariance
Largesampleproperties
Consistentestimators
TheLawofLargeNumbers
Today,wewilldiscuss:
–AsymptoticNormality
–TheCentralLimitTheorem
•IntervalEstimationandConfidenceIntervals
•HypothesisTesting
Page2
Largesampleproperties
•Whenwedonothavesamplesofnormallydistributedvariables,
weuseapproximations
•Theapproximationsarebasedontheideathatwehavelarge
samples
•Itiscalledasymptoticanalysis
•Unfortunatelywearelimitedinwhatwecansayabouthow
“large”asamplesizeisneededforasymptoticanalysis
•Thisdependsontheunderlyingpopulationdistribution
Page3
Consistency
•Thefirstasymptoticpropertywedescribeisaboutthelimitofthe
estimatorwhenthesamplesizegrows
•Letˆbeanestimatorofθbasedonasample{Y,Y,…,Y}of
θn12n
sizen
•Ifforeveryε0
ˆ
()0asn
Pθ−θε→→
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