《大学物理简明教程》 英文 课件 4-2 collisions.pptx

Collison–elasticandinelasticInelastic!Elastic!

Whathappensinacollision?–suddenchangeofvelocity–verylargeinternalforces–usuallyexternalforcescanbeneglected–veryshorttime–verysmallimpulsesfromexternalforces

DifferencebetweenelasticandinelasticcollisionsElasticInelasticKineticenergy:ConservedNotconservedMomentum:(bothpartiesmovable)ConservedConservedPerfectlyinelasticcollisions

Transferringmomentumandenergy

Elasticcollisionin1dimensionKineticenergyisconservedMomentumisconservedSpecialcase–twosystemswithsamemassWithdifferentmasses?

Twoidenticalobjects(suchasbilliardballs)haveaone-dimensionalelasticcollisioninwhichoneisinitiallymotionless.Showthatafterthecollision,themovingobjectisstationaryandtheothermoveswiththesamespeedastheotheroriginallyhad.momentumbefore:momentumafter:finalvelocityofthesecondballisthesameastheinitialvelocityofthefirstball:???energybefore:energyafter:???????

MomentumafterthecollisionKineticenergybeforethecollisionKineticenergyafterthecollisionMomentumbeforethecollision

SolvingthisquadraticequationfornocollisionhappenedvelocityafterthecollisionFromconservationofmomentumFromconservationofenergycombiningthetwoequations:

thenfind

m1Collisonwithfixedobjects(ground/wall)?v1???m1v1

Inelasticcollisionin1dimensionAninelasticcollisionisoneinwhichthetotalkineticenergychangesPerfectlyinelasticcollision:thetwoobjectssticktogetherAperfectlyinelasticcollisionremovesmorekineticenergythananyothercollisionBUT:momentumisalwaysconserved!

GoalkeeperstoppingafootballnofrictioninairbutkineticenergyislostinthefrictionbetweentheballandthegloveButhowmuchenergyislost?Conservationofmomentum????

Buthowmuchenergyislost?Initialkineticenergy:Finalkineticenergy:almostalllost!??

Wheredoesthelostenergygo?Kineticenergy???energy

frict