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AmJCancerRes2019;9(8):1815-1829
/ISSN:2156-6976/ajcr0099239
ReviewArticle
Focusonexosomes:novelpathogenic
componentsofleukemia
1111211
ChaoYang,HuanYang,JiaLiu,LidanZhu,ShicangYu,XiZhang,LeiGao
1MedicalCenterofHematology,TheXinqiaoHospitalofArmyMedicalUniversity,Chongqing,;2KeyLabora-
toryofTumorImmunologyandPathologyofMinistryofEducation,Chongqing,
ReceivedJuly4,2019;AcceptedJuly11,2019;EpubAugust1,2019;PublishedAugust15,2019
:Exosomesarereleasedmembranevesiclesderivedfromlateendosomes,whichsharestructuralandbio-
chemicalcharacteristicswithproteasomeosomesareresponsiblefortraffckingproteins,microRNAs(miRNAs),
andlongnon-codingRNAs(lncRNAs)amongcellsandregulatingvariouscellularprocesses,suchasdifferentiation,
proliferation,migration,invasion,andapoptosis.Althoughourknowledgeoftherolesofexosomesintheinitiation
andprogressionofleukemiaislimited,somestudieshaveindicatedthatexosomescanencompassmanyfunctional
factorswithanappropriatesortingsignal,therebysupportingthemetastasis,drugresistance,andimmuneescape
ofleukemiacells.Thisreviewinitiallyfocusesonthebiogenesisandcompositionofexosomesandthensumma-
rizestheapplicationofexosomesasascreeningbiomarkerandapotentialtherapeutictargetinleukemia.Many
recentreportsonthefunctionsofexosomesreleasedfromleukemiacellsarealsodiscussed,includingdrugresis-
tance,immunedysfunction,andmicroenvironmentmanipulation.Giventhecriticalrolesofexosomesinleukemia,
understandingthemechanismsregulatingthecompositionsandlevelsofexosomes,aswellasdefningexosome
functions,willultimatelyprovideadditionalinsightsintotheuseofexosomesastherapeuticagentsforleuk
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