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TheBatteryMineralLoop
Thepathfromextractiontocircularity
July2024
Authors
DaanWalter,WillAtkinson,SudeshnaMohanty,KingsmillBond,ChiaraGulli,AmoryLovins
Contacts
DaanWalterdaan.walter@
WillAtkinsonwatkinson@
Acknowledgements
Wewouldliketothankthefollowingindividualsfortheirinputandexpertise:E.J.KlockMcCook,
RushadNanavatty,LauraLoSciuto,MonkgogiBuzwani,NatalieJanzow,SamButler-Sloss,Laurens
Speelman,JamesNewcomb,LachlanWright,MikeHemsley,MarissaGantman,andLaurieStone.
AboutRMI
RMIisanindependentnon-profit,foundedin1982asRockyMountainInstitute,thattransformsglobal
energysystemsthroughmarket-drivensolutionstoalignwitha1.5°Cfutureandsecureaclean,
prosperous,zero-carbonfutureforall.Weworkintheworld’smostcriticalgeographiesandengage
businesses,policymakers,communities,andnon-governmentalorganizationstoidentifyandscale
energysysteminterventionsthatwillcutclimatepollutionatleast50percentby2030.RMIhasoffices
inBasaltandBoulder,Colorado;NewYorkCity;Oakland,California;Washington,D.C.;Abuja,Nigeria;
andBeijing.
2\TheBatteryMineralLoop
TableofContents
ExecutiveSummary4
1.Thesixsolutionstothebatterymineralchallenge6
Thebatterymineralchallenge6
Sixsolutions8
Solutionsarealreadyunderway9
Expertoutlookskeepunderestimatingthepaceofchange10
2.Continuingthecurrenttrend:peakbatterymineralsinadecade11
Thedriversofcontinuedchange11
Peakmineraldemandinthemid-2030s16
3.Acceleratingthetrend:net-zerobatterymineraldemandby2050iswithinreach18
Thedriversofacceleratedchange18
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