中学英语语法虚拟语气.pdfVIP

中学英语语法虚拟语气

(一)并不是if引导的条件从句都是虚拟语气。如果if从句所指的事

很有可能发生，那么这是真实条件句；反之，则是虚拟条件句

A.Ifyoustudyhard,youllsurelypasstheexamination.(真实

条件句)

B.IfIwereabird,Icouldflyfreelyinthesky.(虚拟条件句)

(二)虚拟语气中，有时条件从句和主句的时态可以不一致，这种句

子叫做混合条件句，也叫错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式要根据表

示的时间来调整

A.Ifithadnotbeenforme,youwouldnotbefree.

B.Ifyouhadspokentohimyesterday,youwouldknowwhat

todonow.

C.“IfIhadmissed,”saidWilliamTell,“andhadshottoo

low,Iwasgoingtousethisarrowonyou.”

(三)有时虚拟条件不用条件从句，而用介词短语来表示

A.Theywouldnotbeabletolivewithouthim.

B.Hewouldhavefailedbutforhisteacherstimelyadvice.

C.IhadmyhaircutoffandsolditbecauseIcouldnthave

livedthroughChristmaswithoutgivingyouapresent.

D.Ifonlyyouhadworkedwithgreatercare!

(四)假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来

A.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusy.

B.Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartinthe

parade.

C.Heraisedhimselfcompletely,obligingmetorisetoo,orI

couldnothavesupportedhim.

D.Einsteincaredlittleformoney,thoughhecouldhavebeen

veryrich.

(五)如果条件从句的谓语动词含有连系动词were或助动词had或

should,可将if省略，而把were,had或should移到主语之前，构成

倒装句形式

Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.(自然语序)

A.

Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.(倒装句)

Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.(自然语序)

B.

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.(倒装句)

Ifheshouldjointhemintheirdiscussion,theywouldbe

happy.(自然语序)

C.

Shouldhejointhemintheirdiscussion,theywouldbehappy.

(倒装句)

Theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboardifithadnotbeen

forthecaptain.(自然语序)