托福听力tpo66 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文.pdfVIP

托福听力tpo66lecture1、2、3原文+题目+答案+译文

Lecture11

原文1

题目3

答案5

译文5

Lecture27

原文7

题目9

答案11

译文11

Lecture313

原文13

题目15

答案17

译文18

Lecture1

原文

Professor:OK,today,Iwanttotalkaboutsleep.Weallsleep.Humansleep,many

animalsleep.Whenwesleep,wearentactuallyunconscious,butinastateof

reducedawarenessofoursurroundings.Now,whatdoesthatmeanforanimalsin

thewild,iftheyareinastatelikethat?Unabletomonitortheirenvironment?

MaleStudent:Well,theyrehelpless,vulnerabletopredators,maybe.

Professor:Right.Theyarevulnerabletopredators.Yeah,theysleep.Soletstalk

aboutwhy,thebiologyofsleep.Sothefirstthinglwantyoutounderstandisthat

sleepsaveryriskybehavior.Andriskydontevolveunlesstheybringtheanimals

somekindofbenefitthatoutweighsthatrisk.Sosleepmusthaveareallyimportant

function.AndIwanttoemphasizethatthereisadifferencebetweensleepandother

formsofinactivity,likeregularrest.

Theinsects,forinstance,rest.Buttheydontsleep.Whatsspecifictosleepisthat

thebrainaltersmanyofitsusualactivities,includingitsconnectiontosensoryand

motororgans,itshutsthoseconnectionsdown.Soasleepinganimalcanusually

neithersensenormove.AndIsayusuallybecause…well,wewillgettothatina

minute.So,basicallyallmammalsandbirdssleep.Buttherearesomeunusualways

ofsleeping.

Takemarinemammals.Likedolphins,dolphinsneedtoswimupforaironceina

while,sotheycantcompletelyshutoffallmovementandsensation.Sotheirbrain

cantshutdowncompletely.Butdolphinsgetaroundthis.How?wonttheysleep

onebrainhemisphereatatime?Sleepingdolphinsactuallylookliketheyrejust

resting,awakeandoccasionallyswimupforair.

Sohowcanweeventelltheirsleeping?Well,wemeasuredtheirbrainactivitywhich

sho