托福阅读tpo47R-1 原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识.pdf

托福阅读tpo47R-1RomanCulturalInfluenceonBritain

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译文4

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原文

RomanCulturalInfluenceonBritain

①AftertheRomanEmpire’sconquestofBritaininthefirstcenturyA.D.,

thepresenceofadministrators,merchants,andtroopsonBritishsoil,

alongwiththenaturalflowofideasandgoodsfromtherestofthe

empire,hadanenormousinfluenceonlifeintheBritishIsles.Cultural

influenceswereofthreetypes:thebringingofobjects,thetransferof

craftworkers,andtheintroductionofmassivecivilarchitecture.Many

objectswerenotartineventhebroadestsenseandcomprised

utilitarianitemsofclothing,utensils,andequipment.Weshouldnot

underestimatethesocialstatusassociatedwithsuchmundane

possessionswhichhadnotpreviouslybeenavailable.Thefloodingof

Britainwithred-glosspotteryformGaul(modern-dayFrance),decorated

withscenesfromClassicalmythology,probablybroughtmanyinto

contactwiththestylesandartisticconceptsoftheGreco-Romanworld

forthefirsttime,whetherornotthesymbolismwasunderstood.

Mass-producedgoodswereaccompaniedbyfewermoreaesthetically

impressiveobjectssuchasstatuettes.Suchpiecesperhapsfirstcame

withofficialsfortheirownreligiousworship;otherswerethenacquired

bynativeleadersasdiplomaticgiftsorbypurchase.Onceseenbythe

natives,suchobjectscreatedafashionwhichrapidlyspreadthroughthe

province.

②Inthemostextremeinstances,nativesliterallyboughtthewhole

packageofRomanculture.TheFishbournevilla,builtinthethirdquarter

ofthefirstcenturyA.D.,probablyforthenativeclientkingCogidubnus,

amplyillustrateshisRomanpretensions.Itwasconstructedinthelatest

Italianstylewithimportedmarblesandstylishmosaics.Itwaslavishly

furnishedwithimportedsculpturesandotherClassicalobjects.Avisitor

fromRomewouldhaverecognizeditsownerasa