托福听力tpo69 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文.docxVIP

托福听力tpo69lecture1、2、3原文+题目+答案+译文

TOC\o1-2\h\u32430Lecture1 2

16285原文 2

8956题目 5

6541答案 7

23101译文 8

22450Lecture2 10

23218原文 10

29125题目 14

21955答案 17

20955译文 17

14929Lecture3 20

11235原文 20

21184题目 23

13857答案 26

25608译文 26

Lecture1

原文

So,wevetalkedabouttheplatesthatformtheearthcrustandtheirmovementsandhowinsomeplacestheyreseparating.Now,whenthishappensintheoceanalongamiddleoceanridge,someimportantthingscanhappen,inparticularyoucangetahydrothermalvent.Thisisalotlikeageyserexceptit’sontheoceanfloor.

Ageyserofcourseisakindoferuptionfromundergroundhotspring.Waterthat’sbeenheatedupinEarth’sinterior,whenunderpressure,canerupt,sendingthatwaterandsteam,shootingupwardsthroughcrackintheearth.Ahydrothermalventisessentiallythissamething,butthewaterisemittedoutofcracksor,orfracturesintheoceanfloor.IfFormsthatdontdependonenergyfromthesun,butdependonchemicalenergy.

But,theventsarealsoenormoussignificanceforus.Fromapurelygeologicalperspective,becausethechemistryoftheoceansisaffectedbythem.Toseehow,let’slookattheprocessalittlemoreclosely.Theytypicallyoccurinfields,soyoumighthaveanareawithadozenofthem,butyouneedtwothingstogetoneofthesefields,first,yougothaveheat.Andyou’vegothavefissuresintheoceanfloor.So,inaventfield,youvegotcracksintheoceanfloor.Andcoldwateratthebottomoftheocean,wearetalking,maybetwodegreesCelsius,goesdownintothem,asitgoesunderground,itheatsup,becauseinthesefields,therearemagmachambers,onlyafewkilometersbelowtheoceanfloor.

ThishotmoltenrockheatsthesolidrockaboveittoashighasfivehundreddegreesCelsius.Andthisheatedsolidrock,thenheatstheoceanwaterthatflowsoverit.Nowremember,thehighpressureofthedeepsea,allowswatertostay