gmat阅读问题解决类十六课时.pptxVIP

GMAT–RC问题解决类1AmyHou

OG上问题解决文章范例文章精讲问题解决类文章特征

问题解决类文章特征1.首段出现了设问句。Howthencanthesecellsdifferentiateandformstructuresasdifferentasroots,stems,leaves,andfruits?2.紧接着出现答案。Theansweristhatonlyasmallsubsetofthegenesinaparticularkindofcellareexpressed,orturnedon,atagiventime.

LineAllthecellsinaparticularplantstartoutwith

thesamecomplementofgenes.Howthencan

thesecellsdifferentiateandformstructuresas

differentasroots,stems,leaves,andfruits?The(5)answeristhatonlyasmallsubsetofthegenesina

particularkindofcellareexpressed,orturnedon,

atagiventime.Thisisplishedbyacomplex

systemofchemicalmessengersthatinplants

includehormonesandotherregulatorymolecules.(10)Fivemajorhormoneshavebeenidentified:auxin,

abscisicacid,cytokinin,ethylene,andgibberellin.

Studiesofplantshavenowidentifiedanewclassof

regulatorymoleculescalledoligosaccharins.

Unliketheoligosaccharins,thefivewell-known(15)planthormonesarepleiotropicratherthanspecific;

thatis,eachhasmorethanoneeffectonthe

growthanddevelopmentofplants.Thefivehave

somanysimultaneouseffectsthattheyarenot

veryusefulinartificiallycontrollingthegrowthof(20)crops.Auxin,forinstance,stimulatestherateof

cellelongation,causesshootstogrowupandroots

togrowdown,andinhibitsthegrowthoflateralOG

shoots.Auxinalsocausestheplanttodevelopa

vascularsystem,toformlateralroots,andto(25)produceethylene.Thepleiotropyofthefivewell-studiedplant

hormonesissomewhatanalogoustothatofcertain

hormonesinanimals.Forexample,hormonesfrom

thehypothalamusinthebrainstimulatetheanterior(30)lobeofthepituitaryglandtosynthesizeandrelease

manydifferenthormones,oneofwhichstimulates

thereleaseofhormonesfromtheadrenalcortex.

Thesehormoneshavespecificeffectsontarget

organsalloverthebody.Onehormon