语言学-Language-and-Society(课堂PPT)近年原文.pptVIP

GenderdifferencesinspeechResearchsuggeststhatmenandwomenuselanguageindifferentways.1)womenusemore“fancy”colorterms;mauve,beige,aquamarine,lavender,magenta2)womenuselesspowerfulcursewords(少用Goddamnit!Damn!Shit!Fuckyou!常用Oh,dear!Goodnessme!);3)womenusemoreintensifierssuchasterrible,awful,sogood,suchfun,exquisite,lovely,divine,precious,adorable,darling,fantastic.*4)womenusemoretagquestions(Johnishere,isn’tit?);5)womenusemorestatementquestions(Dinnerwillbereadyatseveno’clock?);6)women’slinguisticbehaviourismoreindirectandmorepolitethanmen’s*Notonlydomenandwomenspeakdifferently,butalsowomen’sspeechisbetterthanmen’sspeech.(why)Societylaysdowndifferentsocialroleforthemandexpectsdifferentbehaviorpatternfromthem.Morecorrectsocialbehaviorisexpectedofwomen.Gendervarietyaretheresultofdifferentsocialattitudestowardsthebehaviorofmenandwomen.女孩要有女孩子的样子。女性实际上是弱势群体(powerlessmembers)。Genderandsex*LINGUISTICSEXISM语言性别歧视许多职业名称如doctor,professor,engineer等，人们习惯于把它们跟男性联系在一起，若要指称女性，往往要加上woman一词，如womandoctor。Aprofessorusuallyseeshisstudentsduringofficehours.英语把每个人都看做male，不论是普通人（maninthestreet）还是超人（superman），不论是外行人（layman）还是唯唯诺诺的人（yes-man），除非特殊说明，所有的人，不论总统还是乞丐，都是男人。Male-oriented社会还有一些名称含有男性的语素man，如chairman,congressman,spokesman,salesman等，也用来指女性*LINGUISTICSEXISMAccordingtoRuthKing(1991:2-3),Wecanassumeanactoflinguisticdiscriminationagainstwomenhasoccurredif:1.??thereisadifferenceinthewaymenandwomenaretreated;

2.??thisdifferingtreatmentislessfavourabletowomen;3.??thebasisforthedifferenceisgenderrelatedKing,Ruth.1991.TalkingGender;AGuidetoNonsexistCommunication.Toronto:CoppClarkPitmanLtd.*Registertheory

(Variationwiththeuse)Halliday:RegisterLvariesasitsfunctionvaries;itdiffersindifferentsituations.Thety