The Design of Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines通风改良完整版.doc

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TheDesignofVentilatedImprovedPitLatrines通风改良坑式厕所设计2

Superstq-ukuredesign_..._~/:24.Thefunctionofthesuperstructureof‘anytypeoflatrineistoquot;.providetheuserwithprivacy,comfortandprotectionfromthe-elements.Therelt;aretwoadditionalfunctions‘dn’thecaseofVIPlatrines:(agt;toProvide‘C.,sufficientshade.overthesquA!t-hole,sothatnewly-emergentfliesarenot.,‘attractedtoleavethepitviathesquat-hole;and(b)tochannel,airthrough*‘thesquat-holeand-uptheveamp;pipe,inordertocontrolboth,fliesand;odors.,:._,‘y.’25.,Rrovidedthe,quot;superstructureisable-tope.rformthesefunctions,its.designdetailsarerelatively.unimportantfr0m.astrictly.technical,point,of.quot;’:-,.Tview.Thesuperstructurecanbebuiltinawidevariety,offormsandfr,om~,.awidevarietyofmaterials[Figureamp;9(a)through9(d)+]...Inurbanareasquot;,‘,i,Y...,(materialssuchasbrick,blockworkorferrocementare-oftenus’ed;theroof-quot;canbetiledormadefr0m.athinconcrete,slab,corrugatedsteelquot;orasbestos-1cementsheet.;:Inruraldress,itis’generallymoreappamp;ropriatetomaterialssurh3smuctand~t-tiIe-;-thamp;horsun-dried-earthisoftenmadefromthatch.largelyonsocialpref.enencethesuperstructure-formshoulddbearchitecturallyandthisprinciplequot;normallydeterminesnotonlyarelocalsensibilities(especiallyinruralareas)thehouseholderknowshowtodamageduringtherainy.season.\26.\Latrineentrance.doorway,withthedoorthatthedoorremainsopen,anynewly-emergentfliesinthepitwill-beGseptedwithanalternativesourceofbrightlightand,%t’heymaynotthereforetryto,escape:;:viafhe.ventLpipe.,butleavethelatrineviathe-squat-amp;holeand-’quot;iv,superstructure.Flycontrol,whichisone.gf-theprincipal,advantagesof.VIP/latrines,thereforebecomesineffeqtive.-Self-%losingdoors,canbe