U8 GPS新目标大学英语系列教材-科技英语(课文及单词).pdfVIP

Unit9：GeneticEngineering:Playing

God?

ReadingA

BenefitsandRisksofGeneticEngineering

1Geneticengineering,alsocalledgenetic

modification,isthedirectmanipulationofanmodificationn.改变

organism’sgenomeusingbiotechnology.Newmanipulationn.利用

DNAmaybeinsertedinthehostgenomebyfirstbiotechnologyn.生物科技

isolatingandcopyingthegeneticmaterialof

interestusingmolecularcloningmethodstomoleculara.分子的

generateaDNAsequence,orbysynthesizingthesynthesizev.综合；合成

DNA,andtheninsertingthisconstructintothe

hostorganism.Genesmayberemoved,or

“knockedout”,usinganuclease.Genetargetingis

adifferenttechniquethatuseshomologoushomologousa.同源的

recombinationtochangeanendogenousgene,andendogenousa.内源的

canbeusedtodeleteagene,removeexons,addaexonn.外显子

gene,orintroducepointmutations.Anorganism

thatisgeneratedthroughgeneticengineeringis

consideredtobeageneticallymodifiedorganism

(GMO).ThefirstGMOswerebacteriain1973

andGMmicein1974.Insulin-producingbacteria

werecommercializedin1982andgenetically

modifiedfoodhasbeensoldsince1994.GloFish,

thefirstGMOdesignedasapet,wasfirstsoldin

theUnitedStatesinDecember2003.

2Thegoalofgeneticengineeringistomake

debilitatingdiseasesathingofthepast.Whilethisdebilitatev.使衰弱

isanoblegoal,thisbranchofsciencealsohas

risks.Learnabouttheprosandconsofgenetic

engineeringanddecideforyourselfifthebenefits

outweightheserisks.

3Inlookingattheprosandconsofgenetic

engineering,we’llconsiderthetechnologyinthe

fieldsofagriculture,foodproduction,and

medicine.

4Manycropssuchasrice,mai